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Pharm 1 > Anti-biotics part 2 > Flashcards

Anti-biotics part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class is metronidazole (flagyl)

A

Imidazole anti-biotic

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2
Q

What sorts of bugs is metronidazole (flagyl) effective against

A

anaerobic bugs (given in gut perforation), and protozoa

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3
Q

What is metronidazole (flagyl) commonly used for

A

BV, trichomoniasis, acne (topical application), part of cocktail for H. pylori, giardia

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4
Q

What is the MOA of metronidazole (flagyl)

A

Activated intermediates of the drug bind to DNA and inhibit further nucleic acid synthesis

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5
Q

What is the go-to drug for first treatment of C. dif

A

metronidazole (save vancomycin for 2nd line)

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6
Q

What are common side-effects of metronidazole

A

Metalic taste in the mouth, diminished appetite

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7
Q

What is the disulfiram (antabuse)-like effect of metronidazole

A

Drinking alcohol with metronidazole can cause n/v, flushing, and tachycardia

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8
Q

What is the rule for alcohol use with metronidazole

A

no alcohol for 24hr before treatment and none for 2 days after. Of course none during treatment

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9
Q

What drug class is nitrofurantoin

A

nitrofuran antibacterial

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10
Q

What is the MOA of nitrofurantoin

A

Disrupts both DNA and RNA of bacteria which are sensitive to the drug

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11
Q

When is nitrofurantoin used

A

in UTI (it concentrates in the urine)

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12
Q

What are the most common side effects of nitrofurantoin

A

Known for causing N/V (more than other abx). rarely causes pulmonary fibrosis or AI hepatitis

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13
Q

What drug class is clindamycin

A

lincosamide antibiotic. Not related to erythromycin

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14
Q

What bugs is clindamycin effective against

A

anaerobic bacteria, but also come protozoans like malaria

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15
Q

What are common side effects of clindamycin

A

N/V, skin rashes, oral thrush, C. diff, yeast vaginitis

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16
Q

What drug class is vancomycin

A

glycopeptide antibiotic

17
Q

What type of bug is vancomycin used for

A

gram positive that are unresponsive to less toxic abx (last resort abx)

18
Q

When is vancomycin used

A

MRSA, endocarditis, C. diff (2nd line)

19
Q

How is vancomycin administered

A

IV, unless for unresponsive C. diff, then admin PO, since vanco is poorly absorbed

20
Q

Why is vancomycin given so slowly?

A

Because it causes Red-man syndrome, pain, thrombophlebitis

21
Q

What is red-man syndrome

A

rxn to vancomycin that includes intense facial flushing, diffuse erythema and possible bullae formation and desquamation

22
Q

What is rifampicin used to treat

A

mycobacterium like tuberculum, lepreae; neissera meningitidis prophylaxis

23
Q

what is the MOA of rifampicin

A

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in bacterial cells thus preventing transcription to RNA and subsequent translation to proteins

24
Q

What is a common side effect of rifampicin

A

causes orange urine and tears

25
Q

What lab work must be done with rifampicin use

A

LFTs because rifampicin can cause hepatitis

26
Q

What is rifaximin used for

A

traveler’s diarrhea, IBS, SIBO (it is absorbed poorly so stays in the gut)

27
Q

What is a good first line tx for MRSA

A

TMP-sulfa, or even TMP-sulfa combined with rifampicin

28
Q

How is mupirocin/bactroban used

A

topically only, prescription only

29
Q

How is mupirocin/bactroban used

A

for treatment of MRSA, especially in the nares; impetigo and other skin infections

30
Q

what is the MOA of mupirocin/bactroban

A

unique mechanism of action, which is selective binding to bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, which halts the incorporation of isoleucine into bacterial proteins

31
Q

what is polymyxin B used for

A

topical skin infections

32
Q

What is neomycin used for

A

skin infections, particularly gram negative

33
Q

What drug class is neomycin

A

aminoglycoside antibiotic

Pharm 1 (14 decks)

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