respiratory drugs

Question 1

What drug class is epinephrine

Answer 1

adrenergic

Question 2

What are the indications for epinephrine

Answer 2

anaphylaxis, emergent asthma, status asthmaticus

Question 3

What are the side effects of epinephrine

Answer 3

tachycardia, dry mouth hyperglycemia, anxiety, incr cardiac oxygen demand

Question 4

What drug class is albuterol (ventolin, proventil)

Answer 4

Short acting beta-agonist

Question 5

What are the indications for albuterol (ventolin, proventil)

Answer 5

acute asthma attack

Question 6

what are the side effects of albuterol (ventolin, proventil)

Answer 6

tachycardia, anxiety, palpitations

Question 7

What drug class is salmeterol (severent)

Answer 7

long acting beta-agonist

Question 8

what are the indications for salmeterol (severent)

Answer 8

chronic asthma or bronchospasm

Question 9

What are the side effects of salmeterol (severent)

Answer 9

headache, cough. becoming non-responsive to short acting beta agonist

Question 10

what drug class is ipratropium (atrovent)

Answer 10

anticholinergic

Question 11

what are the indications of ipratropium (atrovent)

Answer 11

Asthma with COPD, intolerance to beta-agonist, refractory to beta-agonist

Question 12

what drug class is zafirlukast (accolate)

Answer 12

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Question 13

What are the indications of zafirlukast (accolate)

Answer 13

prophylaxis and treatment of chronic asthma

Question 14

What are the side effects of zafirlukast (accolate)

Answer 14

headache, GI distress, diarrhea

Question 15

what drug class is beclomethasone (beclovent, vanceril)

Answer 15

corticosteroid

Question 16

what are the indications of beclomethasone (beclovent, vanceril)

Answer 16

asthma not controlled by sympathymimetics

Question 17

What are the side effects of beclomethasone (beclovent, vanceril)

Answer 17

Thrush, increased dental decay, adrenal supression. Inhaled has reduced incident from oral or IM.

Question 18

What drug class is prednisone (deltasone)

Answer 18

corticosteroid

Question 19

What are the (respiratory) indications for prednisone (deltasone)

Answer 19

COPD, worsening asthma

Question 20

What are the side effects of prednisone (deltasone)

Answer 20

Salt and water retention, fat gain and redistribution, hyperglycemia and diabetes, osteoporosis and pathologic fractures, adrenal suppression

Question 21

What drug class is theophylline (theo-dur)

Answer 21

Xanthine bronchodilator

Question 22

What are the indications for theophylline

Answer 22

asthma, largely replaced by corticosteroids

Question 23

What are the side effects of theophylline

Answer 23

arrhymia, death

Question 24

What is of special note about theophylline

Answer 24

It has the narrowest therapeutic index of all asthmatic drugs, and interacts with cyp450, so it is easy to OD

Question 25

What drug class is codeine

Answer 25

narcotic analgesic

Question 26

what are the (respiratory) indications for codeine

Answer 26

Pain relief, cough suppression

Question 27

What are the side effects of codeine

Answer 27

Drowsiness, constipation, G.I. upset, potential dependence

Question 28

What drug class is dextromethorphan

Answer 28

morphine derivative

Question 29

What are the indications for dextromethorphan

Answer 29

cough suppression, pain relief

Question 30

What are the side effects of dextromethorphan

Answer 30

Less than those of morphine (constipation, addiction, decreased mentation)

Question 31

What drug class is diphenhydramine (benadryl)

Answer 31

Antihistamine, H1 blocker

Question 32

what are the indications of diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Answer 32

Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, urticaria, pruritis, and often used to induce sleep. Helps with vertigo

Question 33

What are the side effects of diphenhydramine (benadryl)

Answer 33

Variable degrees of sedation, drying and thickening of secretions and possible urinary retention (Classic anti-cholinergic side effect profile)

Question 34

What drug class is loratadine (claritin)

Answer 34

non-sedating antihistamine (H1 receptor agonist)

Question 35

what are the indications for loratadine (claritin)

Answer 35

seasonal allergic rhinitis, hay fever

Question 36

what are the side effects of loratadine (claritin)

Answer 36

dry mouth, diminished urination, tears. Non-sedating

Question 37

What drug class is phenylephrine (afrin)

Answer 37

alpha-adrenergic

Question 38

What are the indications for phenylephrine (afrin)

Answer 38

Nasal congestion

Question 39

What are the side effects of phenylephrine

Answer 39

rebound congestion, dependence

Question 40

What is the best use for cromolyn

Answer 40

exercise induced asthma, prophylaxis

Question 41

What is the best admin route for epinephrine

Answer 41

Oral is NOT effective, but SQ or IM is effective

Question 42

What is the MOA for a beta-agonist drug

Answer 42

Bronchodilation via β2 adrenergic receptor stimulation, increased cAMP levels and resultant bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

Question 43

What is the benefit to using a spacer with an inhaler

Answer 43

Placement of “spacer” may allow for slower velocity of delivery so that a greater volume of smaller, slower velocity particles can reach the lung