Gastro part 1

Question 1

What is a strict contraindication to using any laxative

Answer 1

bowel obstruction

Question 2

What does a laxative do

Answer 2

Allows for increased movement of stool through the bowels

Question 3

What drug class is metamucil

Answer 3

fiber laxative

Question 4

What is the MOA of metamucil

Answer 4

Adds bulk to stool and well as absorbing fluid into the feces to soften the stool

Question 5

Which form of metamucil contains gluten

Answer 5

The wafers (which of course are tastier than the drink powder)

Question 6

What drug class is Docusate (colace)

Answer 6

stool softener

Question 7

What is the MOA of docusate

Answer 7

anionic surfactant

Question 8

What drug type cause constipation

Answer 8

narcotics of all types. The mau receptor sites that they act on are responsible for peristalsis

Question 9

What drug class is milk of magnesia

Answer 9

osmotic laxative, antacid

Question 10

what drug class is Bisacodyl/ Dulcolax

Answer 10

stimulant laxative

Question 11

what drug class is loperamide (imodium)

Answer 11

antidiarrheal (analog of meperidine)

Question 12

What is the MOA of loperamide (imodium)

Answer 12

Diminished peristalsis due to activation of opiate receptors in GI tract. Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist and acts on the μ-opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus within the large intestines. It does not affect the central nervous system like other opioids

Question 13

What are the indications of loperamide (imodium)

Answer 13

acute diarrhea and management of chronic bowel disease

Question 14

What drug class is diphenoxylate with atropine (lomotil)

Answer 14

antidiarrheal

Question 15

What is the MOA of lomotil

Answer 15

Combination of morphine analog and acetylcholine inhibitor results in diminished peristalsis

Question 16

What drug class is meclizine (anti vert)

Answer 16

antiemetic

Question 17

What is the MOA of meclizine (antivert)

Answer 17

H1 histamine blocker

Question 18

What are the side effects of meclizine

Answer 18

drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, urinary retention

Question 19

What drug class is metoclopramide (reglan)

Answer 19

antiemetic and a prokinetic

Question 20

What are the indications of metoclopramide (reglan)

Answer 20

gastroparesis, mild to moderate nausea, GERD

Question 21

What is the MOA of metoclopramide (reglan)

Answer 21

Dopamine 2 blocker and mixed serotonin 3 antagonist/serotonin 4 agonist

Question 22

what drug class is ondansetron (zofran)

Answer 22

antiemetic

Question 23

What is the MOA of ondansetron (zofran)

Answer 23

Blockade of serotonin (5HT3) receptor sites results in signifigant anti-nausea effect

Question 24

What are in the indications of ondansetron

Answer 24

given prophylaxically for chemo therapy

Question 25

What drug class is syrup of ipecac

Answer 25

emetic

Question 26

what are the major causes of PUD

Answer 26

H. pylori, NSAID and/or aspirin use, severe stress

Question 27

What drug class is calcium carbonate (tums)

Answer 27

antacid

Question 28

What is the MOA of calcium carbonate

Answer 28

neutralization of stomach acid, reducing mucosal irritation

Question 29

What are the side effects of calcium carbonate use

Answer 29

Constipation. may block nutrient absorption and inhibit protection against ingested microbes

Question 30

What drug class is ranitidine (zantac)

Answer 30

H2 histamines receptor antagonist

Question 31

What are the indications for ranitidine (zantac)

Answer 31

Gastritis, GERD, PUD

Question 32

What are some side effects of ranitidine (greater if given IV)

Answer 32

altered mental status, dizziness

Question 33

What are the risks of being on a PPI or H2 blocker

Answer 33

Your stomach pH is higher so that it doesn't kill ingested pathogens, and decreases protein digestion, nutrient absorption. Greater risk for pneumonia and C. diff

Question 34

what drug class is omeprazole (prilosec)

Answer 34

proton pump inhibitor

Question 35

What is the MOA of omeprazole

Answer 35

Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump of parietal cells thus reducing acid secretion

Question 36

What are the indications of omeprazole

Answer 36

gastritis, GERD, PUD

Question 37

What is the most potent type of gastritis drug

Answer 37

PPI's

Question 38

What drug class is esomeprazole (nexium)

Answer 38

It is the enaniomer of omeprazole, and identical in action

Question 39

How do you treat PUD due to H. pylori

Answer 39

triple therapy: 2 abx and a PPI

Question 40

What antibiotics can be used for H. pylori

Answer 40

amoxicillin, erythromycin, clarithormycin, tetracycline, metronidazole (Not zithro)