antihypertensive drugs

Question 1

What drug class is hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

Answer 1

thiazide diuretic

Question 2

What are the indications of hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

Answer 2

HTN, dependent edema, hypocalcemia d/t urinary loss

Question 3

What are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)

Answer 3

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance

Question 4

Who should not be prescribed HCTZ or other thiazide class diuretics

Answer 4

Anyone with a sulfa drug allergy since thiazides contain a sulfonamide moiety

Question 5

How often should serum electrolytes be measured in someone starting a diuretic

Answer 5

Monthly monitoring should be performed until desired BP is reached

Question 6

What drug class is furosemide (lasix)

Answer 6

Loop diuretic

Question 7

What are the indications of furosemide (lasix)

Answer 7

HTN, edema, CHF, renal insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome, hypercalcemia

Question 8

What are the side effects of furosemide (lasix)

Answer 8

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hyperuricemia.

Question 9

When is a loop diuretic the preferred diuretic

Answer 9

renal dz (low GFR), and hypertensive emergency since they are the strongest diuretic

Question 10

what drug class is spironolactone (aldactone)

Answer 10

potassium sparing diuretic

Question 11

What are the indications for spironolactone (aldactone)

Answer 11

Hypertension, chronic edema, hypercalcemia, PCOS, Hyperaldosteronism

Question 12

What are the side effects of spironolactone (aldactone)

Answer 12

hyperkalemia

Question 13

When is prescription of a potassium sparing diuretic inappropriate

Answer 13

For any patient who is taking Potassium supplements, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and the Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers .

Question 14

What drug class is propanolol (inderol)

Answer 14

non-selective beta-blocker

Question 15

What are the indications for propanolol

Answer 15

HTN, angina and acute MI, tachyarrhythmias, migraine headache prophylaxis, essential tremors

Question 16

What are the side effects of propanolol

Answer 16

fatigue, lassitude, decre mental ability, sexual dysfunction, nightmares, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension

Question 17

What drug class is atenolol (tenormin)

Answer 17

cardioselective beta-blocker

Question 18

What are the indications of atenolol (Tenormin)

Answer 18

Hypertension, angina and acute MI, and several forms of tachyarrhythmia, hemodynamically stable MI

Question 19

what are the side effects of atenolol (tenormin)

Answer 19

fatigue, lassitude, decre mental ability, sexual dysfunction, nightmares, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension

Question 20

What drug class is prazosin (minipress)

Answer 20

Alpha-blocker

Question 21

What are the indications of prazosin (minipress)

Answer 21

HTN, BPH

Question 22

What are the side effects of prazosin (minipress)

Answer 22

Dizziness, H/A, orthostatic hypotension, impotency

Question 23

What drug class is verapamil (isopten)

Answer 23

calcium channel blocker

Question 24

What are the indications for verapamil (isopten)

Answer 24

hypertension, angina (vasospastic) and cardiac arrhythmias(super ventricular tachycardia), migraine and raynaud prophylaxis, CHF

Question 25

What are the side effects of verapamil (isopten)

Answer 25

hypotension, dizziness, headache and flushing of skin, reflex tachycardia

Question 26

What drug class is lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)

Answer 26

ACE inhibitor

Question 27

What are the indications for lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)

Answer 27

HTN, post MI, diabetic nephopathy, prenephopathy

Question 28

What are the side effects of lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)

Answer 28

dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia

Question 29

what drug class is Losarten (Cozaar)

Answer 29

Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Question 30

What are the indications of losarten (Cozaar)

Answer 30

HTN, diabetic nephropathy, prenephopathy

Question 31

What are the side effects of losarten (Cozaar)

Answer 31

Hypotension, potential hyperkalemia, Persistent dry cough. Angioedema

Question 32

What drug class is aliskiren (tekturna)

Answer 32

Direct renin inhibitor

Question 33

What are the indications for aliskiren (tekturna)

Answer 33

HTN

Question 34

What are the side effects of aliskiren (tekturna)

Answer 34

hypotension, headache, diarrhea, hyperkalemia (rare), and angioedema (rare)

Question 35

What happens if a beta-blocker is stopped abruptly

Answer 35

Potentially, rebound hypertension and/or rebound tachycardia that is thought to be due in large part to up-regulation of beta receptors during treatment with a beta blocker

Question 36

How does one reverse the bradycardia caused by a beta-blocker OD

Answer 36

glucagon (ER setting, of course)

Question 37

What does the -olol drug name ending indicate

Answer 37

that the drug is a beta-blocker

Question 38

When is a beta-blocker considered first line treatment

Answer 38

Only in HTN patient with co-morbid disease such as migraine headache, angina or history of MI

Question 39

What does the -opril drug name ending indicate

Answer 39

That the drug is an ACE inhibitor

Question 40

What is notable about ACEI effect on serum electrolytes

Answer 40

They have very limited effect on electrolytes except that they increase serum potassium

Question 41

What is the drug type of choice for treating a patient with HTN and DM2

Answer 41

ACE inhibitor

Question 42

What are the side effects of minoxidil

Answer 42

Hirsutism, sodium and water retention

Question 43

How do direct vasodilators work

Answer 43

By opening K+ channels

Question 44

What is a notable side effect of hydralazine

Answer 44

drug induced lupus syndrome