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Pharm 1 > Anti-viral > Flashcards

Anti-viral Flashcards

1
Q

What sorts of viruses can be treated with anti-virals

A 
○ A select few U.R.I. viruses including influenza types A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (R.S.V.).
  ○ Herpesviruses
  ○ Cytomegalovirus
  ○ Human immunodeficiency virus
  ○ Viral hepatitis B and C
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2
Q

What can be used for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of H1N1

A

Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) or Relenza (Zanamivir)

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3
Q

What class is Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A

anti-viral

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4
Q

When should oseltamivir be administered

A

within 48hrs of the onset of symptoms

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5
Q

What is the MOA of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A

Neuramidase inhibition. Tamiflu was the first orally active neuraminidase inhibitor to be commercially developed

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6
Q

What are side effect concerns with oseltamivir

A

potential adverse neurologic effects including delirium, hallucinations, depression and increased suicidal ideation but the data are not definitive.

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7
Q

What are common side effects of oseltamivir

A

abdominal pain, N/V, HA

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Zanamivir (Relenza)

A

blocking the function of the viral neuraminidase protein, thus preventing the virus from budding off from the host cell

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9
Q

What are the indications for zanamivir (relenza)

A

influenza A and influenza B and avian flu, when given within 48 hours of infection

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10
Q

How is zanamivir (Relenza) administered

A

inhalation

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11
Q

How is tamiflu administered

A

PO

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12
Q

What are common side effects of zanamivir

A

N/V

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13
Q

What is amandatine (symmetrel) used for

A

Influenza A, early Parkinson’s disease

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14
Q

What is hutchinson’s sign

A

herpes outbreak on the tip of the nose

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15
Q

What is the MOA of acyclovir (zovirax)

A

guanosine analog that is incorporated into the viral DNA and inhibits further viral synthesis

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16
Q

How is acyclovir administered

A

PO, IV, and topical but the topical is worthless

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17
Q

what are common side effects of acyclovir

A

Headache, nausea and vomiting can occur with oral dose. Transient renal insufficiency can occur with higher IV doses and skin irritation can occur with topical doses

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18
Q

Does acyclovir cross the BBB

A

Why yes, yes it does.

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19
Q

What drug types are used for HIV

A
  • reverse transcriptase
  • Protease inhibitor
  • Fusion inhibitor
  • integrase inhibitor
20
Q

What is the current standard treatment for HIV

A

HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy )

21
Q

What drugs normally make up HAART

A

two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus either a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a protease inhibitor (PI)

22
Q

What are the three main forms of reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

23
Q

What class is Zidovudine (AZT) (retrovir)

A

Anti-viral, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

24
Q

What is the MOA of zidovudine

A

pyrimidine analog that is incorporated into the viral DNA by reverse transcriptase, which terminates further replication

25
Q

what are common side effects of zidovudine

A

Headaches are common. Potentially toxic to bone marrow with severe anemia and leukopenia in patients receiving high doses

26
Q

what is the MOA of protease inhibitors

A

Block the action of protease, the enzyme that cleaves viral protein chains

27
Q

What class is Saquinavir (Invirase )

A

anti-viral, protease inhibitor

28
Q

What are the indications of Saquinavir (Invirase )

A

HIV, Hep C

29
Q

What is treated by Interferon alpha

A

Hep C

30
Q

What is treated by interferon beta

A

relapsing multiple sclerosis

31
Q

What is treated by interferon gamma

A

Chronic granulomatous disease, such as leprosy

32
Q

What class is interferon alpha

A

anti-viral

33
Q

When is interferon alpha used

A

For Chronic hepatitis B and C, genital warts due to HPV, Kaposi’s sarcoma and hairy cell leukemia

34
Q

What is the function of pegylated interferon alpha

A

prolongs the life of interferon in the body, going from 3x per week to 1x per week

35
Q

When treating hepatitis C, what is ribavirin given with

A

pegylated interferon

36
Q

What is the most likely form of vaccine to confer lifelong immunity

A

live attenuated virus

37
Q

What are the toxoid vaccines

A

botulism and tetanus

38
Q

What are the recombinant vaccines

A

HPV and Hep B

39
Q

What is the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)/ fluMist

A

it is a nasal spray for healthy individuals

40
Q

For whom is LAIV contraindicated

A

those with chronic health problems or pregnant women

41
Q

What HPV types do vaccines protect against

A

HPV-16 and HPV-18

42
Q

What HPV types does gardasil protect against

A

6 and 11, in addition to the standard 16 and 18

43
Q

what vaccine is important in some who has lost his spleen or has diminished splenic activity

A

pneumococcal vaccine

44
Q

For whom are all vaccines contraindicated

A

Those who are immune-suppressed (HIV/AIDS, anti-rheumatoid meds, steroids)

45
Q

When should someone be revaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine

A

Once they hit age 65. Revaccination at periodic intervals is also indicated for those with other conditions such as asplenia or nephrotic syndrome

Pharm 1 (14 decks)

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