Flashcards in Anti-Depressants/Mania Deck (10):
1
Desipramine (Norpramin), Imipramine (Tofranil)
-Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
-Blocks reuptake of NE selectively
Adverse effects:
-Blocks muscarinic receptor- 50% experience dry mouth and tachycardia. Takes 2-3 wks. Acute confusional state, constipation, glaucoma
-Weight gain (histamine receptor block)
-Orthostatic hypotension (block alpha 1 receptor)
*Low therapeutic index, don't give more than one week supply (can commit suicide with this)
Interactions
-Potentiates central depressants
-Increases inactivation of levodopa!
2
Phenelzine (Nardil)
-MAO inhibitor (1st drugs to treat depression)
-IRREVERSIBLY blocks the oxidative deamination of monoamines (e.g. NE & 5-HT)
-Very low therapeutic index, toxicity need to hospitalize for 1 week due to loss of MAO, treat symptomatically
Interactions: Potentiates sympathomimetic amines, results in circulating TYRAMINE with certain foods (increases NE and 5HT);can result in hypertensive disaster
3
Fluoxetine (Prozac); Sertraline (Zoloft); Citalopram (Celexa); Escitalopram (Lexapro)
-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
-Only prevent reuptake 5HT. 7 types of receptors; 5HT2A receptor appears to be responsible for clinical improvement
-Large therapeutic index, chance of being able to commit suicide with pills is very small.
Adverse Effects:
-Weight loss, nausea, diarrhea, anxiety, nervousness, sexual dysfunction, non-sedating
*DO NOT USE ALONE IN BIPOLAR DISORDER, need to include a mood stabilizer
4
Venlafaxine (Effecor, Effexor XR)
-Atypical (Dual/Mixed Action) antidepressants
-Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
-Does not affect adrenergic, histaminergic, or cholinergic receptors
-Raising the dose causes increased serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, respectively.
5
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
-Active metabolite of venlafaxine
-No evidence it is more effective than venlafaxine, maybe less interactions
6
Lithium carbonate (Eskalith)
-Treats bipolar disorder
-Clinical effect in 5-21 days (does nothing in normal subjects)
-Mechanism not known
-Competes with sodium for reabsorption, thus sodium deficiency (low sodium diet, diuretics) increases lithium toxicity (body mistakes lithium for sodium and sequesters it)
Adverse effects:
-fatigue, muscular weakness, slurred speech, ataxia, fine tremor of the hands
-Blocks ADH, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
7
Valproic Acid (Depakote, Depakene)
-Anticonvulsants for bipolar disorder
-Good for non-rapid cycling bipolar disorder
-Superior to lithium for rapid cycling bipolar disorder
-Work better for acute manic episodes than for long-term management of bipolar disorder
8
Carbamezepine (Tegretol)
-Anticonvulsants approved by the FDA for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder
9
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
-Atypical antipsychotic
-Good for mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder
-Blocks 5-HT2A subtype
10