Anxiolytic-Sedative-Hypnotic Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anxiolytic-Sedative-Hypnotic Deck (15)
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1
Q

Phenobarbital

A
  • Long acting barbiturate (less lipid soluble)

- Used for epilepsy, selectively anticonvulsant (other barbs req too high a dose for this)

2
Q

Pentobarbital

A

-Short-intermediate acting barbiturate

3
Q

Thiopental

A
  • Ultra-short acting barbiturate
  • Very lipid soluble
  • Can be used as an anesthesia induction drug, usually in dental setting
4
Q

Triazolam

A

?

5
Q

Flurazepam

A
  • Benzodiazepine

- Plasma half life 2-3 hrs, metabolite >50 hours

6
Q

Alprazolam

A

?

7
Q

Diazepam

A

?

8
Q

Lorazepam

A

?

9
Q

Flumazenil

A
  • Benzodiazepine receptor antagonists

- Reverse effects of benzos, zolpidem, zapelon but not barbs or ethanol

10
Q

Zolpidem (Ambien)

A
  • non-benzodiazepine benzodizepine-receptor agonist AKA z-hypnotics
  • Selectively bind to certain subtypes of receptor
  • Used for sleep only
11
Q

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

A
  • Agonist at the melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors located in the brains suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which regulates body’s master clock
  • Approved for long term use in adults
12
Q

Propranolol (Inderal)

A

?

13
Q

Melatonin

A

?

14
Q

What do barbiturates do?

A
  • Reversible depression of all excitable tissue, CNS most sensitive (thru facilitation of GABA-mediated neuronal hyperpolarizatiown
  • Goes from mild sedation through anesthesia
  • Small doses of barbiturates are HYPERalgesic
  • Weak acid
  • No tranquilization i.e. doesn’t treat anxiety, dose would put them to sleep
  • With repeated use, there is a decrease in the drugs therapeutic index
15
Q

What do benzodiazepines do?

A
  • Tranquilization, sedation, hypnosis (not anesthesia)
  • Little to no effect outside CNS
  • Basically have taken over Barbiturates
  • Little drug interactions with high therapeutic index
  • When taken with another CNS depressant, can be lethal