Functions of Brain Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What constitutes the forebrain?

A

Cerebral cortex (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, limbic structures, and occipital lobe), basal ganglia, and thalamus

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2
Q

What are the general functions of the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla)?

A

Homeostasis, life sustaining functions, cranial nerve nuclei (III-XII). The more caudal parts are most essential for life, the more rostral parts are higher level functions.

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3
Q

What are the general functions of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination of movements that use more than one joint.

*Damage leads to ataxia

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4
Q

What are the general functions of the spinal cord?

A

Ventral and dorsal nerve roots, ascending and descending pathways, proprioception, spinal reflexes, sympathetic nervous system.

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5
Q

Define consciousness

A

Being awake and aware.

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6
Q

Study differences between unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (vegetative state), locked-in syndrome, minimally conscious state, and coma.

A

OK

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7
Q

Which lobe is the motor control center and controls executive function?

A

Frontal lobe

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8
Q

Which lobe is responsible for somatosensory processing?

A

Parietal lobe

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9
Q

Which lobe is responsible for auditory processing and new memory formation?

A

Temporal lobe

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10
Q

What is responsible for emotional processing, learning, and memory?

A

Limbic structures

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11
Q

Which lobe is responsible for visual processing?

A

Occipital lobe

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12
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A
  • Coordinates choice of mutually exclusive skeletal muscle actions
  • Operational learning via linkage to limbic system
  • Dysfunction leads to movement disorders
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13
Q

What is the thalamus responsible for?

A

Interpreting/modulating sensory input to cortex. Lots of sensory neurons synapse here.

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14
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Vertical eye movements, pupil control, posture and locomotion, non-rapid eye movement, level of arousal

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15
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Conjugate horizontal eye movements, posture, rapid eye movements, facial expressions.

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16
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Blood pressure, breathing, GI motility, ingestion, equilibrium.