Motor Systems I Flashcards Preview

Neuro > Motor Systems I > Flashcards

Flashcards in Motor Systems I Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What deficit is characterized by poverty of voluntary movements, weakness, changed reflexes (usually increased) – Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome?

A

Deficit in motor cortex

2
Q

What deficit is characterized by lack of smooth, coordinated movements?

A

Deficit in cerebellum

3
Q

What deficit is characterized by hyperkinetic and hypokinetic disorders, involuntary/spontaneous movements without solicitation

A

Deficit in basal ganglia

4
Q

Located just anterior to central sulcus, Betz cells (largest pyramidal cells that are unique to PMC and function as output generators). Area 4.

A

Primary motor cortex

5
Q

What is Area 6?

A

Premotor cortex and supplementary motor area

6
Q

What is Area 8?

A

Frontal eye fields (voluntary eye movement)

7
Q

What two criteria need to be met to be classified as motor cortical?

A
  1. Agranular (i.e. it has poorly developed granular and sensory layers [II and IV] and well developed pyramidal layers [III and V])
  2. Must be able to induce movement with low intensity stimuli.
8
Q

Where do some of the efferent projections from the primary motor cortex go to?

A

Basal Ganglia – corticostriate tract
Red Nucleus – corticorubral tract
Pontine nuclei – corticopontine tract (huge! en route to cerebellum)
Reticular Formation – corticoreticular tract
Spinal Cord – corticospinal tract (terminates in contralateral dorsal horn, intermediate gray and ventral horn)
Cranial Nerve Nuclei – corticobulbar tract

9
Q

What PMC projections does CN V get?

A

Mostly contralateral, but some bilateral

10
Q

What PMC projections does CN VII get?

A

PMC projects bilaterally to the upper portion of the facial nucleus which innervates the upper face and projects to the contralateral lower portion of the facial nucleus which innervates the lower face.

11
Q

What PMC projections does CN IX & X get?

A

Mostly contralateral but some bilateral

12
Q

What PMC projections does CN XI get?

A

Ipsilateral

13
Q

What PMC projections does CN XII get?

A

Mostly contralateral, but some bilateral

14
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract cross and synapse?

A

Crosses in the pyramids (pyramidal decussation) & synapses in spinal cord.

  • Alpha motor neurons for motor output
  • Dorsal horn for modulation of sensory inflow
  • Intermediate gray for reflex pathway and spinal integration
15
Q

How do cortical cells increase and decrease force of contraction?

A

INCREASE firing RATE to INCREASE force of contraction. DECREASE firing RATE to DECREASE force of contraction.

16
Q

What is the path of the corticospinal tract?

A

Starts at pre central gyrus, travels down through the pons and into the medulla where it decussates at the pyramidal decussation into the cervical spinal cord, resulting in contralateral innervation. Ultimately, the tract terminates in the ventral horn (where all of the alpha motor nears are), but also goes to the intermediate gray (reflex systems) and dorsal horn (sensory info).

*Important for integrating sensory info with motor, not just exerting motor control