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Pharmacology 2 > Anti-Helmintics > Flashcards

Anti-Helmintics Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

how are benzimidazoles administered

A

orally

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2
Q

in which species of animals are benzimidazoles most effective in

A

ruminants

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3
Q

which benzimidazole is used in poultry and fish only

A

flubendazole

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4
Q

which benzimidazoles are teratogenic

A

oxfendazole
albendazole

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5
Q

which benzimidazoles are ovicidal

A

fenbendazole
albendazole

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6
Q

which benzimidazole has the broadest spectrum

A

albendazole

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7
Q

what is albendazole effective against

A

L4 larvae and adults
type 2 ostertagiasis

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8
Q

in what species can albendazole be used in

A

cattle
sheep
dogs
cats

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9
Q

which benzimidazole is used to treat L3 larvae ingested in spring and Type 1 ostertagiasis

A

ricobendazole

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10
Q

which benzimidazole is used against tapeworms, intestinal nematodes and lungworms

A

fenbendazole

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11
Q

which benzimidazole has no nematode activity

A

tricalbendazole

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12
Q

which drug is a pro-benzimidazole

A

fenbantel

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13
Q

which drug is a imidazothiazole

A

levamisole

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14
Q

what is levamisole used against

A

GI and Lung nematodes

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15
Q

in which species is levamisole normally used

A

ruminants
dogs
swine

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16
Q

what are the adverse effects of levamisole

A

SLUDD

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17
Q

true or false:
levamisole is the most safe to use in a horse

A

false
it has a narrow safety margin in horses

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18
Q

what does levamisole not work against

A

cestodes
trematodes

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19
Q

what is cross resistant with levamisole

A

pyrantel and morantel

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20
Q

true or false:

imidazolthiazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines would have synergistic effects

A

false
they cross react

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21
Q

which drugs are tetrahydropyrimidines

A

pyrantel
morantel

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22
Q

what are tetrahydropyrimidines effective against

A

adult stage of GI nematodes

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23
Q

what can occur in extremely high doses of tetrahydropyrimidines

A

death in horse
ataxia in cows

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24
Q

true or false:

tetrahydropyrimidines have a narrower spectrum than levamisole because they only cover the GI nematodes

A

true

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25
how is morantel excreted
un-metabolized in feces
26
in which species can tetrahydropyrimidines be given orally
dogs pigs
27
in which species is it not a good idea to give morantel or pyrantel orally
ruminants
28
which drug is a cyclodepsipeptide
emodepside
29
what is the a good topical combination in cats
emodepside praziquantel
30
in dogs and cats, what is emodepside combined with for protection against nematodes and cestodes
pyraziquantel
31
in puppies, what is emodepside combined with for protection against coccidia and nematodes
toltrazuril
32
what are the adverse effects of cyclodepsipeptides
SLUDD in animals with MDR-1 mutation
33
which drug is an amino-acetronitrile derivative
monepantel
34
in what species is monepantel used in
ruminants
35
what is the main used of monepantel
most effective against strains of nematodes resistant to benzimidazoles, levamisole, macrocyclic lactones and closantel
36
what stages of nematode is monepantel effective against
adult and larval
37
what drug is a spironidole
derquantel
38
what is derquantel effective against
adult and L4 larval nematodes
39
what is derquantel combined with
abamectin
40
which drug is a heartworm adulticide
melarsomine
41
what is used to pretreat with the use of melarsomine
doxycycline and macrocyclic lactones
42
what can be used as a possible antidote to melarsomine
dimercaprol
43
which drugs are anti-cestodal
praziquantel epsiprantel
44
in what species do you use praziquantel or epsiprantel
dogs cats horses ruminants
45
what is praziquantel mostly used to treat
trematodes / tapeworms
46
what is the adverse effect of praziquantel
dogs vomiting at high doses
47
what is the adverse effect of epsiprantel
emesis in prolonged treatment
48
what is taeniafuges
expulsion of tapeworms from the host
49
what is praziquantel combined with in horses
ivermectin or moxidectin
50
which anti-cestodal is poorly orally absorbed
epsiprantel
51
which drug is a nitrophenolic compound
nitroxynil
52
how si nitroxynil administered
SQ
53
what is nitroxynil effective against
adult liver flukes
54
what are the adverse effects of nitroxynil
hyperthermia hyperpnea
55
in what animals should nitroxynil not be used in
dairy animals
56
in what species are nitroxynil used in
sheep goats cattle
57
which drugs are salicylanilides
closantel oxyclozanide
58
which salicylanilide is not effective against paramphistome flukes
closantel
59
what can closantel be combined with
ivermectin
60
what can oxyclozanide be combined with
levamisole
61
in what species are the most adverse effects seen with oxyclozanide
ruminants
62
which drug is a bencenesulfonamide
clorsulon
63
what is clorsulon mostly effective against
mature liver flukes
64
what species is clorsulon mostly effective in
cattle
65
what is clorsulon combined with
ivermectin
66
which benzimidazole is useful against liver flukes >12 weeks
albendazole
67
how is ivermectin administered
oral in horse/ pig SQ in pig
68
how is moxidectin administered
oral in horse/ dog sustained injection in dog
69
how is doramectin administered
IM in pigs
70
how is selamectin administered
topical in dogs and cats
71
what is the main use of avermectins in dogs
prevent heartworm / kill larval stages
72
which avermectins should not be used in dairy animals
ivermectin doramectin
73
which avermectin has the least distribution to milk
eprinomectin
74
which avermectin can lead to toxicity in MDR-1 mutant dogs
selamectin

Pharmacology 2 (11 decks)

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