Antibiotics Part 2

Question 1

which drugs are aminoglycosides

Answer 1

tobramycin
neomycin
gentamycin
amikacin

Question 2

what is the order of aminoglycosides in order of spectrum of activity

Answer 2

amikacin > tobramycin > gentamycin > neomycin

Question 3

what is the Vd of aminoglycosides

Answer 3

small Vd

Question 4

true or false:
aminoglycosides are concentration dependent

Answer 4

true

Question 5

how are aminoglycosides excreted

Answer 5

renal / kidney / urine

Question 6

are aminoglycosides bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

Answer 6

bacteriocidal

Question 7

what is the spectrum of aminoglycosides

Answer 7

gram -
aerobes

Question 8

what is the main use of all aminoglycosides

Answer 8

treat aerobic gram - bacteria and staphylococci

Question 9

what are amikacin and tobramycin used to treat

Answer 9

P. aeruginosa

Question 10

what is drug is usually the first choice of treatment of MRSP infections

Answer 10

gentamycin

Question 11

what are the adverse effects of all aminoglycosides

Answer 11

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity

Question 12

which aminoglycoside can cause vestibular damage

Answer 12

gentamycin

Question 13

which aminoglycoside can cause cochlear damage

Answer 13

amikacin
neomycin

Question 14

what are some considerations to take when deciding on if to give food animals aminoglycosides

Answer 14

Renal accumulation into tissues
NOT SAFE FOR FOOD ANIMALS

Question 15

what are used to measure the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

Answer 15

peak and trough concentrations

Question 16

true or false:
aminoglycosides are easy drugs to combine with others

Answer 16

false
physically incompatible with many drugs

Question 17

when should aminoglycosides not be given

Answer 17

newborns / first weeks of life

Question 18

what are some risk factors for toxicity with aminoglycosides

Answer 18

prolonged therapy
acidosis and electrolyte disturbances
hypovolemia
age
renal disease

Question 19

which type of drug would be your first choice in treatment of bacterial bovine and porcine respiratory disease complexed

Answer 19

tetracyclines

Question 20

what can tetracyclines be used to treat in cases of resistance

Answer 20

methicillin resistant staphylococcal infections

Question 21

true or false:
tetracyclines are best for their impact on obligate intracellular pathogens

Answer 21

true

Question 22

what are the outcomes of using doxycycline in calves

Answer 22

cardiotoxicity

Question 23

in what species is doxycycline not safe to administer

Answer 23

horse
calves

Question 24

what are some adverse effects of tetracyclines

Answer 24

nephrotoxicity
severe liver damage
acute cardiac toxicity

Question 25

what are the drugs within tetracycline

Answer 25

chlortetracycline tetracycline oxytetracycline doxycycline

Question 26

tetracyclines - bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 26

bacteriostatic

Question 27

what is the Vd of tetracyclines

Answer 27

high Vd

Question 28

how are most tetracyclines excreted? what's the exception?

Answer 28

renal/ kidney/ urine doxycycline = intestinal by P-gp and biliary

Question 29

what is the bioavailability of tetracyclines

Answer 29

good orally

Question 30

in what type of patients should tetracyclines not be used in

Answer 30

liver or kidney patients

Question 31

what drugs are chloramphenicols

Answer 31

chloramphenicol florfenicol

Question 32

what drug is used in MRSE and MRSP infections / ocular infections/prostatitis / otitis / salmonellosis

Answer 32

chloramphenicol

Question 33

which chloramphenicol is used to treat bovine respiratory disease

Answer 33

florfenicol

Question 34

what drug is used to treat bovine kerato-conjunctivitis

Answer 34

florfenicol

Question 35

what is the adverse effect of florfenicol

Answer 35

bone marrow suppression

Question 36

why are chloramphenicols banned in food animals

Answer 36

drug caused bone marrow suppression in humans

Question 37

in what species is florfenicol not recommended to use in

Answer 37

horse

Question 38

what type of drugs should chloramphenicols not be used with

Answer 38

bactericidal drugs

Question 39

what species can florfenicol be used in

Answer 39

bovine chicken fish

Question 40

which group of drugs are often combined with trimethoprim

Answer 40

short acting sulphonamides

Question 41

what are short acting sulphonamides used to treat

Answer 41

systemic and genito-urinary infections nocardiosis

Question 42

what is the spectrum of short acting sulphonamides

Answer 42

gram + / - toxoplasma protozoa

Question 43

what are some adverse effects of short acting sulphonamides

Answer 43

nephrotoxicity urinary tract disturbance hematopoeitic disorders

Question 44

what are the short acting sulphonamides

Answer 44

sulphamethoxazole sulphamethazine sulphadiazine

Question 45

true or false: both short acting sulphonamides & intermediate acting sulphonamides are bacteriostatic

Answer 45

true

Question 46

what are intermediate acting sulphonamides used to treat

Answer 46

respiratory, genito-urinary, enteric and soft tissue infection s coccidiosis

Question 47

what drug is an intermediate acting sulphonamide

Answer 47

sulphadimethoxine

Question 48

which sulphonamides can cause keratoconjunctivits

Answer 48

sulfadiazine sulfasalazine

Question 49

what are some adverse effects of sulphonamides

Answer 49

nephrotoxic hematopoeitic disorders potential neuro issues in horses

Question 50

in what species are sulphonamides intermediate/ potentiated in

Answer 50

horses cattle swine chicken and turkeys

Question 51

what is a poorly absorbable sulphonamide

Answer 51

sulphasalazine

Question 52

what sulphonamide is used to treat IBD

Answer 52

sulphasalazine

Question 53

which sulphonamide is used to treat burns and otitis externa

Answer 53

topical sulphonamide

Question 54

what is a topical sulphonamide

Answer 54

silver sulphadiazine

Question 55

which sulphonamides are used to treat systemic resp/urinary and cutaneous infections

Answer 55

potentiated sulphonamides

Question 56

what are potentiated sulphonamides combined with to treat coccidiosis and nocardiosis

Answer 56

trimethoprime

Question 57

true or false: sulphonamides are bacteriocidal and coccidiostatic

Answer 57

false they are bacteriostatic and coccidiostatic

Question 58

what metabolizes sulphonamides

Answer 58

liver

Question 59

what is possible with administration of any sulphonamide

Answer 59

hemorrhagic diathesis hypersensitivity neurotoxicity in higher concentrations

Question 60

what can sulphonamides be combined with (group of drug)

Answer 60

diaminopyrimidine

Question 61

what are sulphonamides antagonized by

Answer 61

procain benzyl penicillins procaine/ local anesthetics

Question 62

what drug is a diaminopyrimidine

Answer 62

trimethoprim

Question 63

describe trimethoprim

Answer 63

bacteriostatic high Vd eliminated unchanged in urine

Question 64

what is usage of trimethoprim

Answer 64

combined with sulphonamides treat gram - prostatic infections

Question 65

true or false: when combined, trimethoprim and sulphonamides are bactericidal

Answer 65

true

Question 66

in what breed should trimethoprim + sulphonamides not be given

Answer 66

dobermans pinchers

Question 67

what group of drugs in antagonized by chloramphenical and rifampin

Answer 67

fluoroquinolone

Question 68

true or false: fluoroquinolones are time dependent

Answer 68

false - concentration dependent

Question 69

what are the uses of fluoroquinolones

Answer 69

UTIs septicemia and pneumonia skin and soft tissue infections

Question 70

what are the 2nd generation fluoroquinolones

Answer 70

enrofloxacin ciprofloxacin marbofloxacin

Question 71

what is a 3rd generation fluoroquinolone

Answer 71

pradofloxacin

Question 72

true or false: fluoroquinolones can be used against P. aeruginosa

Answer 72

true

Question 73

true or false: all fluoroquinolones absorb well orally in monogastrics

Answer 73

true

Question 74

what are fluoroquinolones synergistic with

Answer 74

beta-lactams aminoglycosides

Question 75

which generation of fluoroquinolones is less potent against gram +

Answer 75

2nd generation

Question 76

which fluoroquinolone is most potent against P. aeruginosa

Answer 76

ciprofloxacin

Question 77

which 2nd generation fluoroquinolone causes the most toxicity

Answer 77

enrofloxacin

Question 78

what can be seen in young animals with the use of fluoroquinolones

Answer 78

articular cartilage lesions