Antibiotics I (lecture)

Question 1

What is the cell target of penicillins?

Answer 1

Cell wall synth (Beta lactam)

Question 2

What is the cell target of Cephalosporins?

Answer 2

Cell wall synth

Question 3

What is the cell target of monolactams?

Answer 3

Cell wall synth

Question 4

What is the cell target of Carbapenems?

Answer 4

Cell wall synth

Question 5

What is the cell target of Glycopeptides?

Answer 5

Cell wall synth

Question 6

What enzyme is targeted by all B-lactams?

Answer 6

transpeptidase

Question 7

What amino acid pattern is targeted by B-lactams?

Answer 7

D-Ala-D-Ala

Question 8

What type of bacteria is primarily targeted by PCN?

Answer 8

Gram +

Question 9

What are the two penicillinase-resistant penicillins available in the US?

Answer 9

Nafcillin and cloxacillin

Question 10

Ampicillin and amoxicillin are examples of _______ _______ penicillins?

Answer 10

Extended range

Question 11

What is the only antipseudomonal pcn available in the US?

Answer 11

Ticarcillin

Question 12

What pcn is used to target Enterobacter, Proteus, and Pseudomonuas?

Answer 12

Ticarcillin

Question 13

What is the spectrum of first generation cephalosporins?

Answer 13

Narrow spectrum G+ - staph and strep

Question 14

What cephalosporin is used prophylactically for surgery?

Answer 14

Cefazolin

Question 15

What is the difference in use between the generations of cephalosporins?

Answer 15

As we move from 1st to 4th generation the drug goes from primarily targeting G + to G - (i.e. 1st generation is more G + and 4th is more G -)

Question 16

What classification of Abx end in “-penem”?

Answer 16

Carbapenems

Question 17

What carbapenem is good for E. coli, S. aureus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and H. influenzae?

Answer 17

Imipenem

Question 18

What are two contraindication of Imipenem?

Answer 18

PCN allergy, renal disease

Question 19

What is the main benefit of Meropenem and Doripenem compared to Imipenem?

Answer 19

Reduced nephrotoxicity

Question 20

What is the main benefit of Ertapenem compared to Imipenem?

Answer 20

Longer t1/2 - one / day dosing

Question 21

What generation of cephalosporins is used to target pseudomonas?

Answer 21

3rd

Question 22

What cephalosporin is used to target N. meningitidis?

Answer 22

Ceftriaxone

Question 23

What drug class is Aztreonam?

Answer 23

Monobactam

Question 24

What is used for targeting P. aeruginosa in CF patients?

Answer 24

Aztreonam

Question 25

What class of Abxs are known to cause Vit-K deficiency (bleeding side effects)?

Answer 25

Cephalosporins

Question 26

What is a side effect unique to Cefoxitin?

Answer 26

2nd generation Ceph: Inhibit Aldehyde DH --> build up of acetaldehyde

Question 27

How can ticarcillin lead to cardio toxicity?

Answer 27

Induce hypokalemia

Question 28

What are the three mechanisms of Beta-lactam resistance?

Answer 28

- B-lactamases - decreased PBP affinity - Decreased membrane permeability

Question 29

What is clavulanic acid and why is it used?

Answer 29

B-lactamase inhibitor given with pcn drugs to overcome resistance

Question 30

What is the primary resistance factor against B-lactams in gram - bacteria?

Answer 30

Mutations in pore sizes prevents the entry of B-lactams

Question 31

What are the two Glycopeptide Abx from lecture?

Answer 31

Vancomycin | Teicoplanin

Question 32

What is the first line Rx against MRSA?

Answer 32

Vanomycin

Question 33

How is vancomycin typically administered? What is the exception?

Answer 33

IV: It has a low oral availability | The exception is C. difficile colitis

Question 34

What Abx causes red man syndrome?

Answer 34

Vancomycin

Question 35

What is the site of action of Vancomycin?

Answer 35

Bind D-Ala-D-Ala tail of NAM --> preventing cross linking of cell wall

Question 36

What are the adverse effect advantages of Teicoplanin over Vancomycin?

Answer 36

Less histamine release (red man) Less nephrotoxicity No ototoxicity

Question 37

What is the MoA of Daptomycin?

Answer 37

Bind intracellular ion channels and promote ion leakage.

Question 38

What is first line treatment for Acinetobacter?

Answer 38

Polymixin B

Question 39

What is the MoA of Polymixins?

Answer 39

Disruption of membranes (G -)