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Immunology and Serology MDLS 4169 > Antibody structure and function > Flashcards

Antibody structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulated B cell gives rise to…

A

Antibody secreting plasma cells

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2
Q

What are the functions of gammaglobulin (Antibody)? 

A

-neutralization
-Opsonization (Enhances phagocytosis)
-Complement activation (Triggers compliment activity)
-Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 

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3
Q

This is where cells (NK cells, macrophages, neutrophils) Recognize anybody bound to target sell and release substances to destroy Target cell

A

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 

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4
Q

What are the classes (Isotypes) Of anybody? 

A

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD

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5
Q

 antibodies appear primarily in the ____________ band with serum Electrophoresis at pH ______. 

A

gamma (y), 8.6

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6
Q

Gammaglobulin is enriched with….

A

Antibody

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7
Q

L chains are secreted by….

What are the two types?

A

Malignant plasma cells

-Kappa (k)
-Lambda 

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8
Q

 what are the two regions of light chains?

They contain between _______ and ______ amino acids. 

A

Constant region and variable region

200-220

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9
Q

What is the heavy chains composed of?

A

Variable region and Constant region

110 Amino acids variable

Remaining amino acids for constant

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10
Q

Heavy chains have three or more regions with very similar sequences designated…

A

CH1, CH2, and CH3

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11
Q

Heavy chains are _________ to each class and give each immunoglobulin its name. 

A

Unique

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12
Q

Heavy chains:

A unique amino acid sequence that is common to all immunoglobulin molecules of a given class in a given species

A

Isotype

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13
Q

Heavy chains:

Minor variations of isotype sequences that are present in some individuals but not others

A

Allotypes 

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14
Q

Heavy chains:

Variation in variable regions that give individual antibody molecule specificity

A

idiotype

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15
Q

Fab (fragment antigen binding) Antibodies specificity Is associated with what region? 

A

Variable region (Antigen binding site)

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16
Q

Fc (fraction crystallized) Antibody function Is associated with what region? 

A

Constant region (Effecter function)

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17
Q

What is the clinical usefulness of Fab fragments?

A

-neutralizing antibodies (Rattlesnake venom, Digoxin Overdose)
-Small and passed through the kidneys, eliminated in urine

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18
Q

What do antibodies are found in monomers?

A

IgG and IgE

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19
Q

What antibodies can be found in multimers held together by J-chain?

A

IgM: pentimers and monomers

IgA: dimers and monomers

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20
Q

B cell receptor ___________ with Membrane component

A

Monomeric

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21
Q

What is the predominant immunoglobulin in humans?

A

IgG

75-80% of total serum immunoglobulins

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22
Q

Which immunoglobulin has the longest half-life of any class?

A

IgG (23 days) 

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23
Q

Wish antibody can cross the placenta?

A

IgG

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24
Q

What are the functions of IgG? 

A

-fixing compliment
-Coating antigen for enhance phagocytosis (Opsonization)
- binding to cells for antibody dependent cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK and other cells
-Neutralizing toxins and viruses
-Participating in agglutination and precipitation reaction

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25
Q

Macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils have ____ Receptors specific to the ____  region of IgG, Increasing the efficacy of phagocytosis

A

Fc, Fc

26
Q

What allows IgG to enter extravascular spaces more readily than other immunoglobulin types?

A

A high diffusion coefficient

27
Q

______ plays a major role in neutralization Of toxins and viruses

A

IgG

28
Q

This is known as a macroglobulin and has a molecular weight of about 900,000 Da

A

IgM

29
Q

Accounts for 5 to 10% of all serum immunoglobulins

A

IgM

30
Q

Has a half-life of six days

A

IgM

31
Q

IGN can exist as a
___________ (on Surface of the cells)
___________ (Found in secretions)

A

Monomer
Pentamer

32
Q

The Pentamer form of IgM is held together by _____ chains, which are linkage points for disulfide bonds between two adjacent monomers

A

J

33
Q

IgM pentamer has a starlike shape with ______  antigen binding sites

A

10

  • has a high valency 
34
Q

Immunoglobulin found mainly in the intravascular pool. Cannot cross the placenta. 

A

IgM

35
Q

Known as a primary response in a body
-Appears first after antigenic stimulation in the maturing infant
-synthesized only as long as antigen remains present
-no memory cells

A

IgM

36
Q

Where are the functions of IgM?

A

-complement fixation
-Help with opsonization due to its ability to activate compliment (Some compliment components are opsonins like C3b)
-Agglutination
-Toxin neutralization

37
Q

Accounts for 10 to 15% of all circulating amino goblins in serum

A

IgA

38
Q

-One variable and three constant regions
-monomer with a molecular weight of approximately 1600,000 

A

IgA

39
Q

Antibody that is synthesized in plasma cells found mainly in mucosal associated lymphoid tissue and beneath mucosal epithelium

A

Secretory IgA 

40
Q

Secretory IgA is Released in what form?

A

Dimeric

-it is captured by Poly-Ig Receptor which transports it across epithelial cells
-When released, the IgA Has part of the poly-lg Receptors still attached.
-The part derive from receptor remaining is called secretary component (SC) 

41
Q

What are the functions of secretary IgA? 

A

-patrols mucosal services and acts as a first line of defense
-Neutralizes toxins produced by microorganisms
-Prevent bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces
- Found in breastmilk and possibly transfers immunity to newborn during breast-feeding
- Complexes of IGA an antigen are easily trapped in mucus and illuminated by the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory and intestinal tracta
-Aggregation of IGA immune complex is may trigger the alternate complement system


42
Q

What are the proportions of IgD?

A

Extremely scarce in the serum

43
Q

Found on the surface of immunocompetent but unstimulated be lymphocytes

A

IgD

44
Q

Appears second after IgM 

A

IgD

45
Q

-May play a role in the cell activation
-Plays a role in regulating the cell maturation and differentiation

A

IgD

46
Q

Secreted form and serum does not appear to serve a protective function. Does not bind complement, does not bind neutrophils or macrophages, does not cross the placenta.

A

IgD

47
Q

.0005% of total serum immunoglobulin

A

IgE

48
Q

-Produced by plasma cells that are located primarily in the lungs, gut and skin
-does not participate in complement fixation, agglutination or opsonization
-Incapable of crossing the placenta

A

IgE

49
Q

Attaches to basophils, eosinophils, and tissue mast cells through high-affinity Fcę and RI Receptors

A

IgE

50
Q

Two adjacent _________ molecules on a mast cell bind a specific antigen

A

IgE

-Cascade of cellular events result in degranulation of massage and release of vasoactive amines such as histamine and heparin
-induce allergic type reactions
-Helps expel parasites

51
Q

IgE

A
52
Q

Type one immediate hypersensitivity results in….

A

Hey fever, asthma, vomiting and diarrhea, hives, life-threatening anaphylactic shock

53
Q

What antibody causes type one immediate hypersensitivity?

A

IgE allergic reactions

54
Q

_______________ play a major part In the destruction of large antigens, such as parasitic worms, that cannot be easily phagocytized 

A

Eosinophils

55
Q

B cell receptor antibody monomer has _______________ anchor 

A

Transmembrane

  • Ig beta an Ig alpha transmit signal
56
Q

B cell receptor can have heavy chains from….

A

Any of the antibody classes
-Doesn’t matter what the class, B cell receptors still a monomer

57
Q

Antigen binding site is composed of….

A

Both heavy and light chain segments
-Variable regions of each chain form this site

58
Q

T cells recognize ___________ epitopes/peptides

A

Linear

59
Q

Binding strength between an antibody and a single antigenic determinate

A

affinity

High affinity: tightly bind antigen at lower concentration
Low affinity: better when a large amount of antigen is present

60
Q

Number of antibody combining sites and the number of epitopes in a single antigen

A

Avidity

61
Q

Antibodies that are mainly used for diagnostic testing and therapeutic purposes
-Delivery of therapeutic agents in diseases

A

Monoclonal antibodies

62
Q

Develop based on knowledge that B cells are genetically preprogramed to synthesize very specific antibodies
-are derived from a single parent antibody producing cell that has reproduced many times

A

Monoclonal antibodies

Immunology and Serology MDLS 4169 (12 decks)

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