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Immunology and Serology MDLS 4169 > Introduction to the immune system > Flashcards

Introduction to the immune system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four kinds of pathogens?

A 
• bacteria (Extracellular and intracellular)
• Viruses (Intracellular)
• Fungi (Extracellular)
• parasites
    -Protozoans and helminths 
    -Extracellular
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2
Q

Host response that prevents or combat infection and cancer

A

Immunity

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3
Q

Foreign substance, including part of infectious agent, that induces a specific immune response

A

Antigens (immunogens) 

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4
Q
  • ability to induce an immune response

- All around us in nature

A

Immunogenicity (Antigenicity) 

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5
Q
  • A molecule too small to inflict an immune response unless attached to a larger molecule like a protein
  • however it can be recognized by an existing immune response
A

Hapten

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6
Q
  • The part of antigen that anybody or T cell receptor recognizes
  • A single antigen can have several of the same or different __________.
A

Epitope (antigenic determinant) 

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7
Q
  • protein that binds to a specific antigen which help eliminate the antigen
  • produced by B cells
A

Antibody

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8
Q
  • peptides produced by cells, often cells of immune system, that help activate, suppress, or regulate other cells
  • Think of them as hormones of the immune system
A

Cytokines

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9
Q

What are examples of physical barriers?

A

Skin, tears, mucus, etc.

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10
Q

Innate immunity is also known as…

A

Non-specific “natural immunity”

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11
Q

What are the two subtypes of innate immunity?

A
  • resident

- Induced (Inflammation, activated macrophages, etc.

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12
Q

What are the two subtypes of adaptive immunity?

A
  • Humoral (Antibody-mediated)

- cell-mediated (effector T cells) 

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13
Q

True or false, there is a lot of interactions and overlap between innate and adaptive immunity?

A

True

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14
Q

What are three major components of innate immunity? 

A
  • phagocytes (Neutrophils, Monocytes/macrophages)
  • NK cells (Kill virally infected and tumor cells, produce cytokines)
  • complement (Enhances phagocytosis, recruit cells, kills cells/bacteria)
  • Inflammation
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15
Q

What are two major characteristics of adaptive immunity?

A

Specificity and memory

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16
Q

What is the major cell type In adaptive immunity?

A

Lymphocytes
• B lymphocytes that produce antibodies
• T lymphocytes that regulate immunity, kill infected cells, activates macrophages, etc.

17
Q

Do B lymphocytes or a T Lymphocytesrecognize naïve (whole) antigens?

A

B lymphocytes

-They also are one of the antigen presenting cells to T cells

18
Q

Recognizes antigenic peptides presented by antigen presenting cells (Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells) 

A

T lymphocytes

19
Q

Regulates immunity, kills infected cells, activates macrophages, etc.

A

T lymphocytes

20
Q

_______________ T cells (CD__+ T cells) kills virally infected and cancer cells, as well as cells with intracellular bacteria

A

Cytotoxic, 8

21
Q

T helper cells (CD___+ T cells)

A

4

22
Q

What cells play a major role in cell mediated immunity?

A

Antigen-specific T cells
• cytotoxic T cells
• activation of macrophages by Th1 cells

23
Q

T cells recognize peptide bound to…..

A

Histocompatibility complex (MHC) Molecules on antigen presenting cells (APC) 

24
Q

Interactions between other cells surface molecules on APC and T cells

A

Second co-Stimulatory signal

25
Q

CD8+ T cells: MHC ___

A
  1. endogenous antigen
26
Q

CD4+ T cells: MHC___

A

II exogenous antigen

27
Q

What two things happen during clonal selection?

A
  • Eliminate self reactive cells

- expand cells specific for antigen

28
Q

For clonal selection, What else is required besides Antigen recognitionan for activation of lymphocytes?

A
  • T cell recognize peptide bound to major MHC molecules on APC
  • need second co-stimulators signal e.g. interactions between other cell surface molecules on APC and T cells (without secondary signal —-> anergy)
29
Q

Co-stimulatory signal plus specific signal —-> activates T cell while….

Specific signal alone ———-> T cells becomes _______.

A

anergic

30
Q

Type of immunity that is generated by the individual.

Long-term but takes time to generate

A

Active immunity

Ex: vaccination

31
Q

Type of immunity that is transferred.

Rapid but transient

A

Passive immunity

Ex: anti-venom, maternal antibody (IgG)

32
Q

Generation of immune response against another individual

A

Isoimmunization

Immunology and Serology MDLS 4169 (12 decks)

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