Antihypertensives

Question 0

clonidine MOA

Answer 0

stimulate medullary a2 receptors –> decrease peripheral sympathetic activity

Question 1

diuretics are the first choice for HTN in which patients? (5)

Answer 1

Age 65+
African descent
CHF
stroke
osteoporosis

Question 2

side effects of clonidine (2)

Answer 2

xerostomia

sedation/CNS

Question 3

a-1 antagonist MOA

Answer 3

dilation

block a1 —> reduce vasoconstriction

Question 4

side effects of a1 antagonists (3)

Answer 4

Postural hypotension
increased renin/water retention
Reflex tachycardia

Question 5

only indication for B-blocker monotherapy?

Answer 5

young and white

Question 6

B-blockers are the preferred drug for HTN w/ (3)

Answer 6

Angina
post-MI
migraine

Question 7

B-blockers MOA (3)

Answer 7

reduce cardiac output
reduce renin secretion
decrease sympathetic vasomotor tone

Question 8

labetalol use (2)

Answer 8

decrease BP in HTN emergencies

pregnancy HTN emergenies

Question 9

Carvedilol use

Answer 9

long term monotherapy for HTN & CHF

Question 10

hydralazine MOA

Answer 10

nitric oxide –> dilates arterioles but not veins

Question 11

hydralazine big side effects (2)

Answer 11

ischemic arrhythmias

SLE in slow acetylators

Question 12

Sodium nitroprusside side effects (5)

Answer 12

Cyanide accumulation
Metabolic acidosis
Arrhythmias
Excessive hypotension
Death

Question 13

Indapamide MOA

Answer 13

direct vasodilator, probably a Ca channel blocker

Question 14

Minodoxil MOA, effects

Answer 14

opens K+ channels, stabilizes membranes

dilates arterioles, not veins

Question 15

Minodoxil use

Answer 15

severe and refractory HTN

Question 16

chronic oral HTN tx (3)

Answer 16

Hydralazine
Minodoxil
CCBs

Question 17

IV Emergency tx of HTN (3)

Answer 17

Nitroprusside
Fenoldopam
some CCBs

Question 18

fenoldopam MOA & effect

Answer 18

specific agonist to D1 receptor —> relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle

Question 19

fenoldopam side effects (3)

Answer 19

reflex tachycardia
headache
flushing

Question 20

nifedipine characteristics (3)

Answer 20

strongest vasodilator
increases HR
most likely to produce reflex tachycardia

Question 21

CCB effects for HTN (3)

Answer 21

Relaxes all smooth muscles
decreased cardiac contractility
slowed SA/AV node

Question 22

verapamil 4 characteristics

Answer 22

strongest cardiac effects
worst vasodilator
decreases HR
SA & AV node depression

Question 23

nifedipine specific side effects (2)

Answer 23

reflex tachycardia

gingival hyperplasia

Question 24

verapamil specific side effect

Answer 24

constipation

Question 25

CCB general side effects (4)

Answer 25

headache flushing dizziness peripheral edema

Question 26

why will vasodilators effects diminish over time (2)

Answer 26

reflex tachycardia | increased renin secretion

Question 27

vasodilator side effects (many)

Answer 27

reflex tachycardia, increased contraction increased renin secretion, fluid retention headaches, flushing, palpitations, dizziness

Question 28

1st choice drug for HTN in diabetes, chronic renal disease, left ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 28

ACE inhibitor

Question 29

ACE inhibitor effects (2)

Answer 29

Decreased afterload: AngII-induced vasoconstriction | Decreased preload: decreased aldosterone release

Question 30

ACE inhibitor contraindications (3)

Answer 30

2nd & 3rd trimester of pregnancy NSAID use- decreases vasodilation Bilateral renal aa. stenosis

Question 31

ACE inhibitors are the drug of choice for which pts? (7)

Answer 31

``` CKD Type 2 diabetes Age 65+ MI CHF stroke, asthma ```

Question 32

ARBs are a good drug for who? (4)

Answer 32

CHF stroke CKD Type 2 Diabetes