Diuretics & CHF Drugs

Question 0

adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (4)

Answer 0

Hyperchloremia
Hypokalemia
Hyperuricemia
Diuretic effect decreases

Question 1

site of carbonic anhydrase activity

Answer 1

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 2

loop diuretic MOA (2 things)

Answer 2

block the Na+K+2Cl- cotransporter

induce kidney prostaglandins

Question 3

loop diuretic ion effects (4)

Answer 3

hypokalemic metabolic acidosis
hypochloremia
hyperuricemia
increased Ca and Mg excretion

Question 4

thiazide MOA and site

Answer 4

inhibits NaCl co-transporter

distal convoluted tubule

Question 5

thiazide ion effects (5)

Answer 5

hypokalemia metabolic acidosis
hyperuricemia
hyperglycema
increased serum lipids
increased Ca reabsorption

Question 6

Chlorthalidone characteristic

Answer 6

longer duration

Question 7

indapamide characteristics (3)

Answer 7

causes vasodilation
doesn’t increase lipids
liver metabolism

Question 8

metolazone characteristic

Answer 8

works in pts w/ reduced GFR

Question 9

which diuretics are sulfonamides (3)

Answer 9

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
loops
thiazides

Question 10

which diuretics aren’t acids (2)

Answer 10

amiloride

triamterene

Question 11

DOC for htn?

Answer 11

thiazides

Question 12

amiloride MOA & site

Answer 12

directly inhibit aldosterone-sensitive Na+ channel

collecting duct

Question 13

spironolactone MOA & site

Answer 13

competitive aldosterone inhibitor —> decreased Na+K+ATPase activity
collecting duct

Question 14

aldosterone antagonist main adverse effects (2)

Answer 14

gynecomastia

hyperkalemia

Question 15

drug used for renal failure prophylaxis?

Answer 15

osmotic diuretics

Question 16

diuretic combos? (2)

Answer 16

loop agents + thiazides

K+ sparing diuretics + loops/thiazides

Question 17

digitalis MOA

Answer 17

inhibition of the Na+K+ATPase pump –> increases intracellular Ca –> increases actin-myosin interaction

Question 18

effects of digitalis (4)

Answer 18

increased contractility
decreased HR
reduced sympathetic tone
increased CO in the failing heart

Question 19

earliest signs of digitalis toxicity

Answer 19

GI symptoms due to increased parasymp. tone

Question 20

digitalis adverse effects (2)

Answer 20

arrhytmias

Bigeminy

Question 21

inamrinone and milrinone are?

Answer 21

PDE inhibitors

Question 22

PDE indication

Answer 22

increase CO in end stage heart failure

Question 23

PDE adverse effect

Answer 23

arrhythmias

Question 24

B-blockers effects in CHF (5)

Answer 24

decrease cardiac workload
decrease renin secretion
attenuate effect of high catecholamine release
decrease HR
decrease cardiac remodeling

Question 25

DOC for CHF

Answer 25

ACE inhibitors

Question 26

ACE-i & ARB MOA (2)

Answer 26

decreased afterload: AngII-induced vasoconstriction

Decreased preload: decreased aldosterone release

Question 27

vasodilator MOA in CHF

Answer 27

reduce preload: venodilation
reduce afterload: arteriolar dilation
decrease heart remodeling