Aseptic

Question 1

Microbiology is the study of very smallmicroorganisms, this includes:

Answer 1

Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi

Question 2

_______-have a nucleus, no cell wall

Answer 2

Eukaryotes

Question 3

________do not have a nucleus but do have a cell wall

Answer 3

Prokaryotes

Question 4

What shape are bacteria?

Answer 4

Various morphologies: cocci, bacilli, spirella

Question 5

What surfaces do bacteria live on?

Answer 5

living and non-living

Question 6

What is divide by binary fission (divide in two)?

Answer 6

bacteria

Question 7

What inject themselves in to a living cell?

Answer 7

viruses

Question 8

Can viruses be killed by antibiotics?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

What is the smallest mircroorganism?

Answer 9

viruses

Question 10

microorganisms cause disease by two basic mechanisms:

Answer 10

1) invasion of tissue and

2) production of toxins

Question 11

_______defenses include both physiologic barriers and immunological responses.

Answer 11

host

Question 12

Skin and mucous membranes provide the first line of defense through:

Answer 12

Mechanical factors: physical barrier to penetration.
Chemical factors: gastric acidity, unsaturated fatty acids, lysozyme.
Microbial factors: antagonism by normal flora.

Question 13

________cells provide a secondary line of defense by consuming invaders and secreting substance that produce immune responses

Answer 13

phagocytic

Question 14

_________are unicellular microorganisms having a variety of characteristics allowing their classification

Answer 14

bacteria

Question 15

a _________Gram stain is often reported as “no organism seen.” This may mean that there is no bacterial infection present or that there were not enough bacteria present in the sample to be seen with the stain under a microscope.

Answer 15

negative

Question 16

What colour is gram posative?

Answer 16

purple

Question 17

What colour is gram negative?

Answer 17

pink

Question 18

________is an effective tool to help identify which antibiotic will be most effective to treat a bacterial infection

Answer 18

gram staining

Question 19

Microorganisms that normally reside at a given site and under normal circumstances do not cause disease

Answer 19

normal flora

Question 20

Antimicrobials can be classified by at least three different schemes:

Answer 20

Effects on cells
Range of activity
Sites of activity

Question 21

Antimicrobials can be divided into two classifications based upon their effects on target cells:

Answer 21

Bactericidal

Bacteriostatic

Question 22

Drugs that actually kill microorganisms are termed _________

Answer 22

bactericidal

Question 23

__________drugs will only kill cells that are actively growing.

Answer 23

bactericidal

Question 24

Drugs that only inhibit the growth of microorganisms are termed _________

Answer 24

bacteriostatic

Question 25

________drugs, in comparison, will only inhibit the growth of cells

Answer 25

bacteriostatic

Question 26

What are some signs of Staphylococcus?

Answer 26

``` Aerobic Gram positive, cocci Cause boils, abcesses They enter into the body through cuts Barely 10 percent of staph infections respond to penicillin ```

Question 27

What are some signs of Streptococcus?

Answer 27

Aerobic Gram positive, cocci Can cause pneumonia, scarlet fever Antibiotics used to treat these severe infections include penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin.

Question 28

What are some signs of Bacillus?

Answer 28

Aerobic Gram positive, rod shaped Anthrax, TB and food poisoning

Question 29

What are some signs of E. Coli?

Answer 29

Normal flora of the intestine Gram negative, rod shaped Anaerobic Causes food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and some pneumonia

Question 30

What are some signs of Pseudomonas?

Answer 30

Aerobic Gram negative, rod shaped Usually affects immunocompromised patients with TB, CF or AIDS Causes antibiotic resistant pneumonia

Question 31

What are signs of Neisseria?

Answer 31

Aerobic Gram negative, cocci Gonorrhea, meningitis Cephalosporins, quinolones, penicillins

Question 32

________is the branch of science that studies viruses and viral diseases

Answer 32

virology

Question 33

_______ is the scientific study of fungi

Answer 33

Mycology

Question 34

An organism that does not require oxygen to live is anaerobic. (ie normal bowel flora)

Answer 34

Anaerobic

Question 35

An organism that requires oxygen to live is aerobic

Answer 35

Aerobic

Question 36

Able to kill bacteria; e.g., serum has innate ability to kill many microorganisms

Answer 36

Bactericidal

Question 37

inhibiting the growth of bacteria typically used to describe antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth without killing the bacteria. Bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress reproduction and growth of bacteria until the body’s immune system can kill the bacteria.

Answer 37

Bacteriostatic

Question 38

the study of factors influencing the occurrence, transmission, distribution, prevention and control of disease in a defined population

Answer 38

Epidemiology

Question 39

the cause or origin of a disease; the study of the cause(s) of disease

Answer 39

Etiology

Question 40

a worm-like intestinal parasite

Answer 40

Helminth

Question 41

A continuous flow of air passing through the HEPA filter eliminates _______% of all particles 0.3 microns in diameter or larger.

Answer 41

99.97%