Pharmacology - Fungi + Viruses

Question 1

_________are single celled organisms similar to the human cell. They are eukaryotic (have a defined nucleus).

Answer 1

fungi

Question 2

Some antibiotics may cause fungal infections such as _________

Answer 2

yeast infections

Question 3

_________prevent the synthesis of ergosterol, a building block for fungal cell membranes.

Answer 3

antifungals

Question 4

Antifungals on the market include:

Answer 4

Diflucan (fluconazole)
Sporanox (itraconazole)
Lamisil (terbinafine)
Terazol (terconazole)

Question 5

What us pulse dosing?

Answer 5

Patient will treat the fungi for one week per month

Question 6

Antifungals are dispensed in two forms _________ and _________

Answer 6

topical agents and systemic agents

Question 7

__________is given orally for vaginal or oral candidiasis, the IV form is used for patients who are unable to tolerate oral forms.

Answer 7

diflucan

Question 8

What are some side effects of diflucan?

Answer 8

– headache, GI upset and rash.

Question 9

_______is especially useful for fungal infections of nails. The capsule should be taken twice a day with a fatty meal.

Answer 9

sporanox

Question 10

________kills fungus instead of inhibiting its growth

Answer 10

lamisil

Question 11

_________ is a minute infectious agent that is much smaller than a bacterium.

Answer 11

virus

Question 12

________can only replicate within a living cell.

Answer 12

virus

Question 13

___________are among the most common infectious agents in humans.

Answer 13

viruses

Question 14

Most common viruses are spread by:

Answer 14

Direct contact
Ingestion of contaminated food and water
Inhalation of airborne particles
Exposure to contaminated body fluids/equipment

Question 15

_______is an example of a common viral infection

Answer 15

Influenza

Question 16

Viral infections are classified in several ways:

Answer 16

• duration or length
• severity
• extent of infection
• size, shape, genetic makeup, host and properties

Question 17

A ______virus is one which in will lie dormant and then in the right circumstances reproduce and become infective again.

Answer 17

latent

Question 18

A virus can have several damaging effects on a host cell:

Answer 18

It can kill the host cell
Alter the cell
Incorporate into the genetic material of the host cell
Divide when the host cell divides

Question 19

Antivirals can be used to treat:

Answer 19

Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Influenza
Varicella

Question 20

_________acts by interfering with DNA synthesis. It is used to treat genital herpes in certain patients, herpes zoster (shingles) , and Varicella (chicken pox).

Answer 20

Zovirax

Question 21

_____________ is an oral inhibitor of the enzyme neuraminidase and is indicated for the treatment or prevention of influenza A and B.

Answer 21

Tamiflu (oseltamivir)

Question 22

Therapy must be initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset when using which medication?

Answer 22

Tamiflu

Question 23

_________are organisms that benefit at the expense of another.

Answer 23

parasites

Question 24

many _______ are human parasites

Answer 24

protazoa

Question 25

_________is a vaginal protozoa that makes the vaginal and cervical area red and inflamed.

Answer 25

Trichomonas

Question 26

What is trichomonas treated with?

Answer 26

Flagyl (metronidazole)

Question 27

____________causes cysts and the patient may suffer stomach pain, nausea, fatigue.

Answer 27

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 28

__________these are multicellular parasites and can be seen by the naked eye.

Answer 28

Helminthes (worms)

Question 29

___________is a sporozoan infection that causes fevers, chills, sweating, headache and nausea. Transmission is usually by an infected mosquito.

Answer 29

malaria

Question 30

________is the most common medication used to treat malaria

Answer 30

Aralen (chloroquine)

Question 31

___________are the scientists who study fungus.

Answer 31

Mycologists

Question 32

Fungi are __________

Answer 32

eukaryotic (having a defined nucleus)

Question 33

Fungi require either ______ or ________

Answer 33

anaerobes (need air) or facultative anaerobes (partial air)

Question 34

_________are the only fungi that are not multicellular

Answer 34

yeast

Question 35

________when fungi obtains nutrients from dead organic matter

Answer 35

Saprophyte

Question 36

__________obtain nutrients from living organism

Answer 36

Parasite or symbiote

Question 37

________fungi live in the soil and are plant parasites.

Answer 37

smut

Question 38

Classically, there are two broad groups of fungi:

Answer 38

Yeasts | Moulds

Question 39

________ is the term used to describe a disease caused by a fungus

Answer 39

Mycosis

Question 40

__________is a group of moulds, which is found everywhere world-wide, especially in the autumn and winter in the Northern hemisphere

Answer 40

Aspergillus

Question 41

Where is Aspergillus commonly found?

Answer 41

dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation.

Question 42

allergic bronchopulmonary type is an allergic reaction to the fungus that develops in with asthma.

Answer 42

Pulmonary aspergillosis

Question 43

_________is a growth (fungus ball) that develops in an area of previous lung disease such as tuberculosis or lung abscess

Answer 43

Aspergilloma