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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Endocrine > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

___________encompasses the production and secretion of hormones from the glands.

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

_________regulate metabolism, growth and sexual development

A

hormones

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3
Q

Pineal gland

A

Sleep cycle

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4
Q

Pituitary gland

A

master gland

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5
Q

Thyroid gland

A

metabolism

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6
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

calcium levels

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7
Q

Thymus

A

immune function

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8
Q

Adrenal gland

A

stress levels

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9
Q

Pancreas

A

(largest gland) – production and secretion of different types of hormones and digestive juices.

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10
Q

There are two types of hormones within the endocrine system:

A

one composed of protein

the other composed of steroid.

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11
Q

Hormones perform many functions throughout the body , including

A

Maintain homeostasis (by feedback systems)
Prepare body for emergency situation.
Participate in body’s development.
Reproductive system

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12
Q

The Hypothalamus produces which hormones?

A 
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) 
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
Somatostatin (SS; also GHIH, growth factor-inhibiting hormone) 
Dopamine (DA)
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13
Q

Anterior pituitarylobe (adenohypophysis) produces which hormones?

A

Growth hormone(GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, a gonadotropin)
Luteinizing hormone (LH, a gonadotropin)

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14
Q

Posterior pituitarylobe (neurohypophysis) produces which hormones?

A 
Oxytocin (ocytocin) 
Arginine vasopressin (AVP; also ADH, antidiuretic hormone)
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15
Q

The Thyroid gland produces which hormones?

A

Triiodothyronine (T3), the potent form of thyroid hormone
Thyroxine (T4), a less active form of thyroid hormone
Calcitonin

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16
Q

The Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produce:

A

Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin

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17
Q

Adrenal cortex produces which hormones?

A

Glucocorticoids (chiefly cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids (chiefly aldosterone)
Androgens (including DHEA and testosterone)

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18
Q

Adrenal medulla produces which hormones?

A

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

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19
Q

_________is necessary for the production of T3 and T4 hormones

A

iodine

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20
Q

What is the other name for hypothyroidism?

A

myxedema

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21
Q

__________is a result of hypothyroidism at birth, often caused by a lack of iodine in the mothers diet

A

Creitinism

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22
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism:

A 
Weight gain (as a result of a slower metabolism)
Fatigue
Increased sensitivity to hot and cold
Paleness
Depression
Puffy face
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23
Q

What is the other name for hyperthyroidism?

A

thyrotoxicosis

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24
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism is ___________

A

Graves disease

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25
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism:
``` Weight loss (often accompanied by a ravenous appetite) Fatigue • Weakness Hyperactivity • Irritability Apathy • Depression Polyuria • Sweating ```
26
Treatment of hyperthyroidism:
Drug treatments Radioactive iodine treatment Surgery (thyroidectomy)
27
What are some drug treatments for hyperthyroidism?
Propylthyracil | Tapazole
28
What are the side effects of Propylthyracil and | Tapazole?
Altered taste Alopecia (hair loss) Bone marrow suppression (fever, sore throat and malaise)
29
_________maintain the carbohydrate reserves in the body, as well as to suppress the inflammatory response of tissues.
Glucocorticoids (adrenal cortex)
30
___________- help to regulate the electrolyte balance in the body by controlling the reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium by the kidneys.
Mineralocorticoids (adrenal cortex)
31
_____________are secreted in small amounts. While slight in their effects, this source of sex hormones becomes important as a woman reaches menopause.
Sex hormones (adrenal cortex)
32
_________causes the liver to convert glycogen back to glucose and release it back into the blood stream for use by the cells for energy.
glucagon
33
__________ is also used to lower the level of sugar in the blood by increasing the rate at which the liver converts glucose into glycogen for storage in fatty tissues.
Insulin
34
_________ _________may have many causes, including testosterone deficiency, alcoholism, cigarette smoking, psychological factors and medications
male impotence
35
Drugs that can cause impotence:
``` Alcohol Amphetamines Antihypertensives Corticosteroids Estrogens H2 blockers Haloperidol Lithium opiates Some antidepressants ```
36
___________undergoes extensive first pass metabolism in the GI tract and liver after oral administration, so alternates methods of delivery have been established
testosterone
37
Types of oral contraceptive: | ____________ is a fixed dose of estrogen and progestin throughout cycle
Monophasic
38
Types of oral contraceptive: | ________ is a fixed estrogen dose, less progestin in first half of cycle and increased during second half
Biphasic
39
Types of oral contraceptive: | __________estrogen dose is same or varies, progestin varies throughout cycle
Triphasic
40
Some of the main drug classes oral contraceptives interact with include:
``` Antibiotics Anticonvulsants Antifungals Benzodiazepines Bronchodilator ```
41
__________are based on detecting the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
pregnancy tests
42
__________can increase risk of MI, CVA and blood clots
Hormone Replacement Therapy
43
Natural Products for Menopause:
``` Red Clover Black Cohosh Dong Quai Evening Primrose Soy ```
44
Drugs that stimulate contraction of uterine smooth muscle at term are called _______
oxytocics
45
__________plays a large role in keeping bones strong and healthy in females, therefore women are more prone to develop osteoporosis after menopause
estrogens
46
Among the drugs used to treat osteoporosis are:
Bisphosphonates Calcium and vitamin D supplements Estrogen (for prevention during menopause)
47
What are some Glucocorticoids?
Betamethasone Hydrocortisone Triamcinolone & triamcinolone acetate Dexamethasone Methylprednisolone & methylprednisolone acetate Budesonide Prednisolone
48
What are some Mineralcorticoids?
Florinef – fludocortisone
49
Where do most mineralcorticoids have to be stored?
In the fridge
50
Tissues effected by hormones are called?
target tissue
51
Thyroid products should not be taken at the same time as ______
bile acid sequestrants
52
_______ _______ effect may be enhanced by thyroid products
warfarin anticoagulant
53
________is a condition in which fat collects behind the eye balls
exophthalmos
54
______ ______ is a life threatening condition in which the body has to much excess thyroid
thyroid storm
55
______is dark skin patches on the face caused by hormone replacement therapy
melasma
56
Heavy menstrual bleeding is usually caused by to little _______
progesterone
57
_______ is a drug used to slow down labor
tocolytic agents
58
_______ is a cell that reabsorbs bone
osteoclasts
59
______ is a cell that forms bone
osteoblasts
60
Who is more at risk for osteoporosis?
Females White or asian race history of smoking
61
What is a BMD
Bone mineral density
62
________inhibit osteoclasts from removing calcium from bone tissue
bisphosphonates
63
What is gluconeogenesis?
conversion of fatty acids and protein to glucose
64
_________ is a life threatening deficiency of glucorticoids and mineralcorticoids
Addison's Disease
65
________ is caused by an overproduction of cortisol
Cushing's Disease

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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