Pharmacology - Cardio

Question 1

What are the three main types of arrythmias?

Answer 1

Atrial Flutter
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation

Question 2

What is the risk if a person has atrial fibrillation?

Answer 2

stroke

Question 3

What is the most dangerous type of arrythmia?

Answer 3

ventricular arrythmia

Question 4

What types of foods should be avoided when taking warfarin?

Answer 4

foods high in vitamin K

Question 5

Warfarin should be taken at the same _______ each day

Answer 5

time

Question 6

What is a TIA?

Answer 6

Transient Ischemic Attach (mini stroke)

Question 7

What medication for arrythmia must be taken with food?

Answer 7

dabigatran and rivaroxaban

Question 8

What are some symptoms of a TIA?

Answer 8

Poor balance
Vertigo
Dizziness

Question 9

What are some treatments to people who have suffered from TIA?

Answer 9

Anticoagulant
Antiplatelet
Lifestyle Changes
Surgery

Question 10

How can you tell if a person is having a stroke or a TIA?

Answer 10

Strokes tend to last more than 24 hours whereas TIA is usually minutes to a few hours

Question 11

What are some treatments for stoke patients?

Answer 11

Anticoagulants
Neurosurgical Intervention
Fibrinolytics

Question 12

When the heart beats to slowly

Answer 12

Bradycardia

Question 13

When the heart beats to fast

Answer 13

Tachycardia

Question 14

How can bradycardia and tachycardia be diagnosed?

Answer 14

ECG

Question 15

What are some cardiovascular drugs?

Answer 15

Beta Blockers
ARB'S
ACE Inhibitors
Diuretics
CCB
Nitrates

Question 16

People who have diabetes should be careful when taking which class of medication?

Answer 16

Beta Blockers

Question 17

What type of auxiliary label will be on a beta blocker?

Answer 17

“dizziness”

“may impair ability to drive”

Question 18

How long after a heart attack to patients usually take beta blockers for?

Answer 18

3-5 years

Question 19

What are the most common uses for CCBS?

Answer 19

Angina and Hypertension

Question 20

What auxillary labels should be on a ccb?

Answer 20

“avoid grapefruit juice”

“dizziness”

Question 21

What class of drugs should NOT be taken with tadalafil or sildenafil?

Answer 21

nitrates

Question 22

Why can a person not take a nitrate with tadalafil?

Answer 22

it causes a drop in blood pressure

Question 23

A person should be nitrate patch free for hoe many hours a day avoid tolerance?

Answer 23

8-12 hours

Question 24

What auxillary labels would be on a nitrate?

Answer 24

“do not shake”
“blurred vision and dizziness”
“do not take w/alcohol”

Question 25

What class of drugs should not be used in pregnancy?

Answer 25

ACE Inhibitors and ARB'S

Question 26

What is the most common side effect of an ACE Inhibitor?

Answer 26

dry cough

Question 27

What type of drugs can reduce the effectiveness of an ACE Inhibitor?

Answer 27

NSAIDS

Question 28

What do antiarrythmatics do?

Answer 28

slows down the heart rhythm

Question 29

What type of drug should not be taken with severe asthma?

Answer 29

antiarrythmatics

Question 30

What are the three main types of diuretics?

Answer 30

Loop Diuretic Potassium Sparing Diuretic Thiazide Diuretic

Question 31

What are the main side effects of diuretics?

Answer 31

Muscle cramps Photo sensitivity Dehydration

Question 32

What treats hypertension and prostate conditions?

Answer 32

Alpha Blockers

Question 33

What is optimal blood pressure?

Answer 33

systolic less than 120, diastolic less than 80

Question 34

What is prehypertension?

Answer 34

systolic 120-139, diastolic 80-89

Question 35

What is stage one high BP?

Answer 35

systolic 140-159, diastolic 90-99

Question 36

What is stage two high BP?

Answer 36

systolic 160 or higher, diastolic 100 or higher

Question 37

What are some non drug therapy treatments to high BP?

Answer 37

``` Quit smoking Weight loss Healthy diet avoiding salty foods Reduce alcohol consumption Begin a program of physical activity Control stress ```

Question 38

________ is a gradual process in which plaques (collections) of cholesterol are deposited in the walls of arteries

Answer 38

Atherosclerosis

Question 39

What are some risk factors of atherosclerosis?

Answer 39

``` Smoking cigarettes High blood pressure Elevated cholesterol Diabetes Family history Obesity ```

Question 40

________is due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and oxygen demand

Answer 40

Angina

Question 41

What are the three most common types of angina?

Answer 41

Stable Unstable Variant

Question 42

Also known as myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis or coronary occlusion

Answer 42

Heart Attack

Question 43

_______ is the malfunction of one or more heart valves

Answer 43

Valvular Heart Disease

Question 44

Rheumatic fever and infective inflammation of the heart (endocarditis) can lead to ________

Answer 44

Valvular Heart Disease

Question 45

What is LDL?

Answer 45

low density lipoprotein "bad"

Question 46

What is HDL?

Answer 46

high density lipoprotein "good"

Question 47

elevated LDL cholesterol, normal or low HDL cholesterol and normal or elevated triglycerides is also called ________

Answer 47

high cholesterol

Question 48

What are some high cholesterol treatments?

Answer 48

Bile acid sequestering resins (cholestyramine, colestipol)  Statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin) Niacin Fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil) Cholesterol absorption inhibitor (ezetrol)

Question 49

What is CV?

Answer 49

Cardiovascular Disease

Question 50

What is SA?

Answer 50

Sinoatrial node

Question 51

What is AV?

Answer 51

Atrioventricular node

Question 52

What is MI?

Answer 52

Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)

Question 53

What is PE?

Answer 53

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 54

________is an enzyme in blood that causes clotting

Answer 54

Thombin

Question 55

What does INR stand for?

Answer 55

International Normalized Ratio

Question 56

______is the portion of the blood sample that is red blood cells

Answer 56

Hematocrit

Question 57

______ is a naturally occurring circulatory anticoagulant produced in mass cells

Answer 57

Heparin

Question 58

What are common side effects of heparin?

Answer 58

bruising, bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

Question 59

What are some low molecular weigh heparins?

Answer 59

Fragmin Lovenox Innohep

Question 60

What are the two main cerebrovascular accidents?

Answer 60

Ischemic Stroke | Cererbal Hemorrhage

Question 61

What is CVA?

Answer 61

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

Question 62

________results from an obstruction of blood flow

Answer 62

ischemic stroke

Question 63

__________is a rupture in a blood vessel that supplies an area of the brain

Answer 63

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 64

_______is an odorless white waxlike substance that is present in all foods of animal origin but not in foods of plant origin

Answer 64

cholesterol