Pharmacology - Cancer

Question 1

When normal cellular growth control mechanisms are disturbed, the result is the uncontrolled overgrowth of normal tissue and the growth of tumors and/or onset of _________

Answer 1

Cancer

Question 2

What is another name for cancer?

Answer 2

neoplastic disease

Question 3

What is a benign tumor?

Answer 3

Stays in one place in the body and is not life threatening (non-cancerous)

Question 4

What is a malignant tumor?

Answer 4

Can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body (cancerous)

Question 5

A _________ _________is not restricted to one area but is scattered throughout the whole body (i.e. Leukemia)

Answer 5

diffuse tumor

Question 6

Cancer is categorized based on the functions and/or locations of the cells from which the tumor originates:

Answer 6

Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Myeloma
Central Nervous System Cancers

Question 7

_______ is skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs

Answer 7

carcinoma

Question 8

______ is bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue

Answer 8

sarcoma

Question 9

White blood cells and their precursor cells such as the bone marrow cells, causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood

Answer 9

Leukemia

Question 10

cells of the immune system that affects lymphatic system

Answer 10

lymphoma

Question 11

B-cells that produce antibodies – spreads through the lymphatic system

Answer 11

Myeloma

Question 12

The goal of most chemotherapy regimes is to put the cancer into __________

Answer 12

remission

Question 13

________drugs not only kill rapidly dividing cells, but also normal cells

Answer 13

antineoplastic drugs

Question 14

_________ create irreversible cross –links in DNA interfering with the replication process.

Answer 14

Alkylating Agents

Question 15

What class of drugs may be useful in the treatment of smaller or slow growing tumors?

Answer 15

Alkylating Agents

Question 16

_________Interfere with the metabolism of cancer cells

Answer 16

Antimetabolites

Question 17

____________inhibit cell division by interfering with mitosis or DNA replication

Answer 17

antibiotics

Question 18

_________damage DNA of cells similar to radiation damage.

Answer 18

Nitrogen mustards

Question 19

________cause DNA damage in replicating cells

Answer 19

Topoisomerase I inhibitors

Question 20

________inhibit cellular growth and decrease proliferation of cells

Answer 20

Tyrokinase inhibitors

Question 21

What are some side effects of chemotherapy?

Answer 21

nausea, vomiting, GI upset, hair loss, pain, bone marrow suppression etc

Question 22

What are the ABC’s of cancer?

Answer 22

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color that is not uniform, Diameter greater than 6 mm, Evolving size, shape or color

Question 23

What are some antimetalobite drugs for cancer

Answer 23

• Methotrexate
• Hydroxyurea
• Pemetrexed

Question 24

What type of cancer are aromatase inhibitors used to treat?

Answer 24

breast cancer

Question 25

What anticoagulant should not be taken with tamoxifen?

Answer 25

Warfarin

Question 26

Can cancer be caused by a virus?

Answer 26

YES

Question 27

________is a procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from your body so that it can be analyzed in a laboratory.

Answer 27

Biopsy

Question 28

________ is a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.

Answer 28

Carcinogen

Question 29

________tumors are cancerous. The cells can grow and spread to other parts of the body

Answer 29

Malignant

Question 30

_______ is a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer.

Answer 30

Neoplasm

Question 31

________ is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body

Answer 31

Metastasis

Question 32

______ are genes that promote cancer formation

Answer 32

Oncogenes

Question 33

_______ ________ _______ turn off or down-regulate the proliferation of cancer cells. They inhibit inappropriate cell growth

Answer 33

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Question 34

_______ is the number of cancer cells or the size of the tumor tissue

Answer 34

Tumor burden

Question 35

What is another word for the surgical removal of cancel tissue?

Answer 35

resected

Question 36

Used after surgery to "clean-up" areas of residual tumor is called __________

Answer 36

Adjuvant radiation therapy/chemo

Question 37

________ is a type of cancer treatment that stimulates the immune system to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells

Answer 37

Immunotherapy

Question 38

______ is an aggressive type of kidney cancer

Answer 38

carcinoma

Question 39

_______ is a fatal type of skin cancer

Answer 39

Melanoma

Question 40

__________ is given in an attempt to shrink the tumor so that it can be safely and completely removed with surgery

Answer 40

neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Question 41

______ work by binding to and damaging DNA during the cell division process, ultimately preventing cell replication

Answer 41

Alkylating Agents

Question 42

______ works in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle

Answer 42

antimetabolites

Question 43

What are some Cytotoxic drugs?

Answer 43

alkylating agent, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, Antimicrotubule agents

Question 44

What prevents promotion of blood vessels that allow for tumor growth and invasion of surrounding tissue?

Answer 44

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Question 45

What are some angiogenesis inhibitors?

Answer 45

bevacizumab lenalidomide tholidomide

Question 46

What target a specific marker or receptor on the surface of tumor cells, leading to destruction of those cells?

Answer 46

Monoclonal Antibodies

Question 47

What prevent transmission of intracellular signals that stimulate cell proliferation?

Answer 47

Signal Transduction Inhibitors

Question 48

______is programmed cell death

Answer 48

apoptosis

Question 49

_____is an amino acid that is needed for leukemia cells to proliferate

Answer 49

asparagine

Question 50

_____is an alkylating agent that is used to treat many diseases including lung, ovarian, and bone cancers

Answer 50

cisplatin

Question 51

_____ is an antimetabolite drug used to treat lung and pancreatic cancers

Answer 51

gemcitabine

Question 52

______ is a condition in which GI motility is severely reduced

Answer 52

Ileus

Question 53

Chemotherapy drugs that work by inserting themselves into stands of DNA

Answer 53

Intercalating Agents

Question 54

_______ is damage to the nerves that effect hearing

Answer 54

ototoxicity

Question 55

__________ is an antimetalobite drug that is critical to treatment of certain types of lung cancer

Answer 55

pemetrexed

Question 56

_____ is an antimicrotubule drug that are derived from the bark and needles of yew trees

Answer 56

taxanes

Question 57

______ are drugs that can cause extravasation injury

Answer 57

vesicants

Question 58

______ are part of the cell that maintains shake and structure

Answer 58

microtubules