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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrition, etc > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrition, etc Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

_____ are organic natural substances that are necessary for normal metabolic functioning, but are not synthesized in the body in sufficient amounts

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

Vitamins are usually ______

A

coenzymes

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3
Q

________ is a chemical other that a protein needed by an enzyme to assist in performing a metabolic function

A

coenzyme

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4
Q

_________ vitamins are absorbed with dietary fats and are maintained in stores by the body, mainly in the liver

A

fat-soluble vitamins

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5
Q

What two forms can vitamin A be found in?

A

Provitamin A carotenoids and Preformed A

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6
Q

What is vitamin A needed for?

A

vision
bone formation
reproduction
skin health

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7
Q

Where can Provitamin A be found in?

A

leafy greens
sweet potatoes
carrots

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8
Q

Where can Preformed A be found in?

A

butter
egg yokes
kidney

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9
Q

Low vitamin A can lead to _________, a softening and ulceration of the cornea

A

keratomalacia

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10
Q

______ can be teratogenic in the first trimester

A

Vitamin A

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11
Q

What is another name for vitamin D?

A

Calciferol

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12
Q

Vitamin D play an important roll in maintaining _____ and _______ levels in the body

A

Calcium and Phosphate

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13
Q

What are the two forms of Vitamin D?

A

Ergocalciferol (D2) and Cholecalciferol (D3)

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14
Q

Sunlight provides ____ to _____% of the bodies vitamin D stores

A

80-90%

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15
Q

Where can Vitamin D be found in?

A

fatty fish
fish liver oil
egg yolks

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16
Q

What can vitamin D be used to treat?

A

Rickets (bone softening and muscle weakness) and Osteomalacia (bone pain and muscle weakness)

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17
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin E?

A

tocopherol

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18
Q

Very high doses of vitamin ____ can result in bleeding or stroke

A

E

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19
Q

_______functions as a coenzyme for the hepatic production of blood clotting and bone metabolism

A

Vitamin K

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20
Q

What are the two forms of vitamin K?

A

phylloquinone and phytonadione

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21
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin B1?

A

thiamine

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22
Q

______ is an important coenzyme involved in carbohydrase metabolism

A

Vitamin B1

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23
Q

Low vitamin B1 can result in _______

A

beriberi (numbness, tingling, edema, and heart failure)

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24
Q

_______deficiency is most common in pregnancy and in Wernicke Korrsokoff Syndrome, which can occur in patients who abuse alcohol

A

Thiamine

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25
What is the other name for Vitamin B2?
Ribofalvin
26
______ is made in the intestines by bacteria
Riboflavin
27
Vitamin B2 can be used in doses of 400mg a day to decrease ________
migraine headaches
28
What is another name for Vitamin B3?
Niacin
29
Vitamin B3 is essential for _______
ATP
30
What are the two types of Vitmain B3?
Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide
31
What are some water soluble vitamins?
Vitamin B and Vitamin C
32
What is another name for Vitamin B5?
Pantothenic Acid
33
What is another name for Vitamin B6?
Pyrodoxine
34
What is another name for Vitamin B7?
Biotin
35
What is another name for Vitamin B9?
Folic Acid or Folate
36
_______is an amino acid associated with cadiovascular disease (vitamin B9 breaks down these)
Homocysteine
37
What is another name for Vitamin B12?
Cobalamin
38
Patients who have undergone _______will need to take Vitamin B12 lifelong
gastrectomy
39
What is another name for Vitamin C?
Ascorbic Acid
40
What is vitamin c deficiency known as?
Scurvy
41
_______ contains a higher concentration of solute than bodily fluids. Usually 350mOsm/L
Hypertonic Solutions
42
_______ contains a lower concentration of solute than bodily fluids. Usually less than 280mOsm/L
Hypotonic Solutions
43
Crystalloid IV solutions contain _______
electrolytes
44
Colloid Solutions contain _____ and other large molecules
protein
45
What are positively charged ions called?
Cation
46
What are negatively charged ions called?
Anions
47
What is hyponatremia?
Low sodium concentration
48
What is hypernatremia?
High sodium concentrations
49
What is hypokalemia?
lower than normal levels of potassium concentration
50
What is Hyperkalemia?
Increase in potassium levels
51
What is phlebitis?
irritation of the vein
52
What type of calcium is better absorbed?
calcium citrate
53
Which type of calcium is used to control hyperphosphatemia in end stage renal failure?
calcium acetate
54
What type of calcium is used in TPN?
Calcium gluconate
55
________ occurs when extracellular fluid (ei blood) contains excess hydrogen ions, which causes pH levels to drop
acidosis
56
______ occurs when excess acid is produced, bicarbonate is lost
Metabolic acidosis
57
_____ results from slow breathing and retention of carbon dioxide in the blood
Respiratory acidosis
58
______ takes place when excess acid is excreted by the kidneys
Metabolic alkalosis
59
_______ occurs when breathing becomes more rapid, and carbon dioxide is eliminated from the blood
Respiratory alkalosis
60
_________ is used for hypochloremia and metabolic alkalosis
ammonium chloride
61
_______ is typically used to treat heartburn or metabolic acidosis
sodium bicarbonate
62
Nearly ____% of adults and ______% of children are obese
70% | 32%
63
__________ is the sensation of feeling full and satisfied
satiety
64
What medications are commonly used to treat obesity?
lipase inhibitors (Xenical)
65
__________ stimulates the CNS to encourage exercise, which in turn helps with obesity
sympathomimetics
66
A possible side effect of sympathomimetics is _________ syndrome
serotonin syndrome
67
_________activate serotonin receptors and therefore reduce appetite and food intake
serotonin agonists
68
_______ is a gastric hormone that inhibits gastric emptying
Glucagon-like peptide (saxsenda)
69
________ is a chronic condition caused by inadequate calorie and protein intake over a prolonged period of time
marasmus
70
____________ is muscle and fat tissue wasting
cachexia
71
__________ is a condition where a persons calorie intake is adequate but protein intake is deficient
kwashiorkor
72
______ is a method of feeding a patient liquid nutrients through a tube inserted into the GI tract
Enteral Nutrition
73
__________ is a solution that contains lipids, amino acids, and dextrose
three-in-one (total nutrient admixture)
74
___________ is a solution that contains amino acids and dextrose
two-in-one
75
More than ______ of accidental poisonings occur in children under the age of _______
2/3 | 6 years
76
__________are the leading cause of fatal poisoning in children
iron
77
_________ are extremely toxic to children
TCA
78
__________ consists of establishing the airway and performing CPR
Supportive Therapy
79
What is a good adsorbent for poisonings?
activated charcoal
80
_________ is the first step when a patient ingests poison
decontamination (administering an adsorbent)
81
______ commonly known as a stomach pump
gastric lavage
82
______ is commonly prescribed for spider bites
dapsone
83
_______ is a neurotoxin that causes muscular paralysis
botulinum toxin
84
________ is a toxin that is derived from the castor bean
Ricin
85
A loss of ____% of body water can result in death
25%
86
Which vitamins are water soluble?
b + c
87
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
a, d, e, k
88
_______ ions regulate the acidity or alkalinity of body fluids
Hydrogen Ions
89
_______ is the primary cation of extracellular fluids
Sodium
90
_______is the primary cation of intracellular fluid
Potassium

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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