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A-level AQA psychology > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

1
Q

An attachment is

A

a strong, lasting emotional bond formed between a baby and their caregiver

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2
Q

A safe base is when…

A

children treat their main caregiver as someone they can quickly return to

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3
Q

stranger anxiety is when

A

Children become distressed in presence of strangers

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4
Q

Seperation anxiety is when

A

Children are separated from their main caregiver and become distressed

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5
Q

The first stage of attachment is…….

A

asocial stage

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6
Q

The asocial stage lasts from……

A

0-6 weeks

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7
Q

In the Asocial stage babies…..

A

Don’t show any preference for one person or another

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8
Q

The second stage of attachment….

A

Indiscriminate attachment

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9
Q

the Indiscriminate attachment lasts from

A

6 weeks to 7 months

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10
Q

In the Indiscriminate attachment stage…..

A

Babies recognize familiar and prefer these familiar people to unfamiliar people.

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11
Q

The third attachment stage is

A

Discriminate attachment stage

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12
Q

The discriminate stage lasts from

A

7 months to 9 months

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13
Q

In the discriminate attachment stage

A

Babies form a strong attachment to just on caregiver

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14
Q

The fourth stage of attachment is

A

Multiple attachment stage

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15
Q

The multiple attachment stage lasts from

A

9 months onward

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16
Q

The multiple attachment stage involves

A

babies form attachments to others

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17
Q

Reciprocity is when

A

babies and caregivers take turns in actions

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18
Q

Schaffer and Emerson conducted a ……….,……………..,……… study

A

longitudinal, naturalistic, observational

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19
Q

How many babies and families did Shaffer and Emerson assess

A

60

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20
Q

Schaffer and Emerson found that attachments followed…..

A

The four main stages of attachment

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21
Q

Schaffer and Emerson also found that attachments formed when parents are…..

A

Responsive to babies needs

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22
Q

What influences does it suggest because babies go through the stages around the same time

A

Biological influences

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23
Q

A weakness of Schaffer and Emersons study is that i may have been prone to observer bias ………..

A

due to the observational design

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24
Q

Another weakness of Schaffer and Emersons study is that it may have been prone to social desirability bias.

A

because families may have wanted to show themselves in a good light

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25
A strength of Schaffer and Emersons study is that it has high ecological validity because it was
naturalistic
26
Condon and sander
babies and mothers display reciprocity and international synchrony
27
Isabella
Babies and mothers who share higher reciprocity and international synchrony have a better relationship
28
The learning theory of attachment was created by.....
Dollard and miller
29
The learning theory of attachment suggests that attachment comes from
The experience of being fed by a caregiver
30
Who did the monkey study
Harry Harlow
31
How many baby moneys did harlow seperate from their mothers
8
32
Each of the monkeys had a ........ mother and a fake....... mother
wire and cloth
33
Half of the monkeys got their food from the............. and the other half from the .......
wire , cloth mother
34
He found that the monkeys always chose the
Cloth monkey
35
does Harlows study support the learning theory
No, it suggests comfort is the reason why we form attachments
36
A strength of the learning theory of attachment is that there is plenty of time to form an attachment
they noted babied get fed 20000 times
37
The learning theory is not supported by observational study of ...
Metapelets
38
What are the three main theories on the role of the father
Dads lack sensitive responsiveness, dads plays role of the playmate, dads are just as caring and sensitive as mothers
39
According to Bowlby, it is monotropic theory and that babies......
Only form one attachment figure and it is the mother
40
Grossman did a .......... study on how families change over time
Longitudinal
41
Grossman found that the strength of the internal Working model is associated with bond from the .......
Mother
42
Grossman found that the internal working model strength from the fathers .......
play sensitivity
43
Field did a observational study using .........
Frame by frame analysis
44
Field measured
the sensitive responsiveness, and time spent playing with the child
45
Field found that
Mothers had greater sensitive responsiveness and fathers had greater time spent playing with child
46
Cultural factors of the role of the father
they shouldn't represent emotional bond, meaning they tend to ta eon role as playmate
47
According to the continuity hypothesis.
We imitate our relationship with our parents in our future relationships, with our friends, partners and children
48
Why does the continuity hypothesis happen
We build up an internal working model
49
People who have a secure attachment with their caregivers go on to have.......
Secure trusting relationships with their partners
50
People who have a insecure avoidant attachment with their caregivers go on to have.......
the expectation that no one will show them love or be dependable
51
People who have a insecure resistant attachment with their caregivers go on to have.......
an expectation that they have to act out to get love because they will be inconsistent with there love
52
Hazan-shaver conducted a.....
questionnaire-based correlational study
53
Hazan and shavers results showed that.....
Attachment to caregivers did influence future relationships
54
Mary Main conducted an .........
interview- based study
55
Mary main asked participants about the relationships with their .....
parents and their own children
56
Main found that .......
The percentage of adults displaying the attachment styles which were secure-70% and the others 15%. And that the attachment patterns correlated.
57
Hazan and saver used a volunteer sample therefore
The results may not be representable
58
Participants answers in Hazan and shaver may not have been accurate due to......
social desirability bias
59
Mains answers may have been inaccurate as ........
they had to recall experiences from the past
60
The secure attachment style forms....
Close trusting relationships with their caregiver
61
secure attachments display 4 characteristics
Safe base behavior, high stranger anxiety, high separation anxiety and happy reunion
62
Insecure Avoidant attachment displays
Indifferent caregivers who aren't very responsive
63
Insecure Avoidant has 4 characteristics.....
happy to explore, low stranger anxiety, low separation anxiety, indifferent reunion behavior
64
Insecure resistant displays
caregivers who provide inconsistent care
65
Insecure resistant has 4 characteristics..
unwilling to explore, high stranger anxiety, and high separation anxiety, angry reunion behavior.
66
Mary Ainsworth investigated
9 - 18 month babies and their mothers
67
Ainsworth found that children can be categorized into 3 different categorizes as well as
secure attachment having 70%, and both the insecure having 155
68
Ijzendorn and Kroonenburg conducted a meta analysis of
32 studies in 8 different countries
69
Ijzendorn and Kroonenburg found that the percentages from ainsworth did
replicate
70
Ijzendorn and Kroonenburg Individualist cultures had higher levels of
Insecure avoidant attachment
71
Ijzendorn and Kroonenburg collectivist cultures had higher levels of
insecure resistant avoidant
72
In the strange situation there is a high level of replicability
because it is well controlled
73
in the strange situation it has been replicated across
cultures
74
When children are deprived of emotional care during their critical period they may suffer from
Psychological damage
75
Consequences of Maternal deprivation
impaired cognitive, emotional and behavioral, development
76
Rutter argued that
Deprivation is when an attachment figure is removed and Privation is when attachment figure is never there
77
Bowlbys 44 thieves study found that
50% of thieves had experienced maternal separation compared to 5% in the control group, 32% of the thieves were = as affectionless psychopaths and 86% of these psychopaths had experienced separation
78
44 thieves may have lacked validity as it relied on
Them having a good memory on what there childhood was like
79
Extraneous variables in 44 thieves
there could have been enviromental factors
80
Maternal deprevation says that it is irreversible but
koluchovla did a case study on the twins who were locked in the basement, they did recover
81
Rutter romainian orphans found
British orphans displayed good cognitive and emotional development even after they were 6 months old, Romanian orphans before 6 months, but not as much after 6 months
82
Monotropic theory of attachment suggests that mothers and child have
evolved to form attachments
83
Babies are biological pre programmed to perform behaviors called
social releases
84
Bowlby suggested that babies
only form one attachment and that is to there main caregiver
85
Critical period
First 2 and a half years of a babies life
86
Internal working model
the schema that we develop from our main attachment figure
87
Lorenz gave support for 3 features of Bolwbies monotropic theory
pre-programmed- imprinting monotropic- irreversible imprint could only happen in certain time
88

A-level AQA psychology (13 decks)

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