Autonomics

Question 1

Where on the sc do sympathetics originate from?

Answer 1

T1-L2

Question 2

Where on the sc do parasympathetics originate from?

Answer 2

Mostly CN’s of brain stem, some in S2-S4

Question 3

What CN’s give off parasympathetic function (GVE)?

Answer 3

III, VII, IX, X

Question 4

Once a sympathetic nerve exits its ganglion it becomes part of a ____________ nerve.

Answer 4

spinal

Question 5

Sympathetic cell bodies originate from the _____________ of the sc.

Answer 5

Lateral horn (interomediallateral nucleus, IML).

Question 6

Name the sympathetic ganglion superior to T1.

Answer 6

Superior, medial, and inferior cervical ganglion.

Question 7

A sympathetic ganglion outside of the sympathetic trunk is called a __________________.

Answer 7

Collateral ganglion

Question 8

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers leave the sc via the ________ root.

Answer 8

ventral

Question 9

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and ________. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers are ________ and ________.

Answer 9

• short, myelinated (white)

- long, unmyelinated (gray)

Question 10

Which NS is responsible for vasomotor tone?

Answer 10

Sympathetic

Question 11

Parasympathetic nn. synapse at __________ ganglia. Where are these ganglia located?

Answer 11

• peripheral (ganglia)

- near target organ

Question 12

Most sympathetic nn. synapse at __________ ganglia. Where are these ganglia located?

Answer 12

• Chain or collateral ganglia (others are the adrenal medullae)
• Located near spinal cord

Question 13

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and ________. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are ________ and ________.

Answer 13

• long, myelinated

- short, unmyelinated

Question 14

What is the NT for sympathetic preganglionic synapses? Postganglionic synapses?

Answer 14

• Ach

- NE

Question 15

What is the NT for parasympathetic preganglionic synapses? Postganglionic synapses?

Answer 15

• Ach

- Ach

Question 16

The postganglionic neurons for sphlanchnic nn. synapse at what neuronal structures?

Answer 16

Prevertebral ganglia

Question 17

The postganglionic neurons for sphlanchnic nn. T5-T9 are associated w/what ganglion? What is the important n. that comes from here?

Answer 17

• Celiac ganglion

- Greater splanchnic n.

Question 18

The postganglionic neurons for sphlanchnic nn. T9-T10 are associated w/what ganglion?

Answer 18

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 19

What is the sympathetic effect of renin secretion in the kidneys?

Answer 19

Increases

Question 20

Are pelvic splanchnic nn. parasymp or symp? What about sacral splanchnics?

Answer 20

• Parasympathetic (they are the exception). “P”

- Sympathetic (“S”)

Question 21

What is unusual about sympathetic splanchnic nn?

Answer 21

Their ganglion are closer to target organ.

Question 22

What do sympathetic nn. use to find their targets?

Answer 22

Blood vessels and peripheral nn.

Question 23

What NT increases HR?

Answer 23

NE

Question 24

What are the 3 key symptoms of cranial sympathetic nerve stimulation?

Answer 24

Sweating on face, dilator pupillae, tarsal m. of eyelid.

Question 25

What is Horner's syndrome? | What are the 3 signs?

Answer 25

Interruption of the ipsilateral sympathetic pathway (to the face) - Miosis (excessive pupil contriction) - Ptosis (eyelid drooping ~30%) - Anhidrosis (lack of sweating) - Unilateral facial redness (No symp, no vasoconstriction)

Question 26

How does parasymp innervation affect the pupil size and lens?

Answer 26

Smaller pupil, rounder lens

Question 27

Someone w/sign's of Horner's syndrome w/upper extremity pain and smoke tobacco could possibly have _____________.

Answer 27

Pancoast tumor

Question 28

What are the parasympathetic nuclei of CN's III, VII, IX, and X?

Answer 28

``` CPOS (COPS almost) Ciliary (3) Pterygopalatine (7) Otic (9) Submandibular (7) Thoracic, abdominal, and cardiac ganglia (10) ```

Question 29

Which parasympathetic nerve helps you pee, poop, and point (your penis)?

Answer 29

Pelvic splanchnic n.

Question 30

CN associated w/ciliary ganglion? Location?

Answer 30

- CN III | - Lateral to optic n.

Question 31

CN associated w/pterygopalatine ganglion? Location?

Answer 31

- CN VII | - In pterygopalatine fossa

Question 32

CN associated w/submandibular ganglion? Location?

Answer 32

- CN VII | - On hyoglossus

Question 33

CN associated w/otic ganglion? Location?

Answer 33

- CN IX | - Below foramen ovale

Question 34

What are the parasympathetic fibers of ciliary ganglion?

Answer 34

Oculomotor n. to its inferior division.

Question 35

What are the parasympathetic fibers of pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 35

Facial n. --> greater petrosal n. --> (Vidian's) nerve of pterygoid canal.

Question 36

What are the parasympathetic fibers of submandibular ganglion?

Answer 36

Facial n. --> corda tympani (rides lingual n. to target)

Question 37

What are the parasympathetic fibers of otic ganglion?

Answer 37

Glossopharyngeal n., its tympanic branch, lesser petrosal n.

Question 38

Chief distribution of ciliary ganglion?

Answer 38

- Parasymp: Ciliary m. (accomodation, focussing) and sphincter pupillae (miosis, constriction) - Symp: dilator pipillae and tarsal m. of Muller

Question 39

Chief distribution of pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 39

Lacrimal glands, glands of the palate and nose

Question 40

Chief distribution of submandibular ganglion?

Answer 40

Submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 41

Chief distribution of otic ganglion?

Answer 41

Parotid gland

Question 42

What do the parasympathetic nerves of CN III get a ride from on the way to the eye.

Answer 42

- CN V1 (synapses at ciliary ganglion)

Question 43

What is the parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 43

CN VII --> Greater petrosal n. --> pterygopalatine ganglion --> lacrimal gland

Question 44

What is the parasympathetic pathway to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

Answer 44

CN VII --> chorda tympani --> submandibular ganglion --> submandibular/sublingual glands

Question 45

What 2 nn. join to become Vidian's n. of the pterygoid canal? Where do they synapse?

Answer 45

- Greater petrosal and deep petrosal nn. | - Pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 46

What gives the chorda tympani (of CN VII) a ride to the submandibular ganglion?

Answer 46

- Lingual n. of CN V3

Question 47

What gives a ride to CN VII to the lacrimal gland (for crying)?

Answer 47

- Zygomatic branch of CN V2 | "don't cry, you'll wet your zygomatic arch"

Question 48

Explain the parasympathetic pathway to the parotid gland.

Answer 48

GLOAP - Glossopharyngeal n. - Lesser petrosal n. - Otic ganglion - Auriculotemporal n. - Parotid gland

Question 49

What gives a ride to the glossopharyngeal n. towards its target parotid gland?

Answer 49

Auriculotemporal n. of CN V3

Question 50

What parasympathetics innervate the cock and balls?

Answer 50

S2, S3, S4 (keep the junk off the floor)

Question 51

Besides chain and collateral ganglia, sympathetics can also synapse in ____________.

Answer 51

The adrenal medulla