Larynx

Question 1

What are the 3 single cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 1

Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid

Question 2

What are the 3 paired cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 2

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

bottom to top

Question 3

What is the unique feature of the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 3

Only full ring

• Thin anterior arch
• Wide posterior lamina

Question 4

What covers the paired cartilages?

Answer 4

Mucous membranes

Question 5

What are the spinal landmarks of the pharynx?

Answer 5

Base of skull to C3

C3: where epiglottis attaches to tongue

Question 6

What are the spinal landmarks of the larynx?

Answer 6

C3 to C6

Question 7

Epiglottis is connected by membrane to which paired cartilage?
What else is it attached to?

Answer 7

• Arytenoid cartilages

- Hyoid bone & back of tongue

Question 8

What is the second most common place for foreign body’s to become stuck? Where is it?

Answer 8

• Vallecula

- Directly anterior to epiglottis (behind tongue)

Question 9

What’s b/w the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone?

Answer 9

Thyrohyoid membrane (extrinsic)

Question 10

What’s the crevice b/w the lamina of the thyroid cartilage called?

What are at the lateral ends of the thyroid cartilage? Which attaches to cricoid cart?

Answer 10

• Superior thyroid notch
• Superior horn and inferior horn (on each side)
• Inferior horn attaches to cricoid cartilage

Question 11

What are the 2 joints of the cricoid cartilage?

Which is superior?

Answer 11

• Cricothyroid joints

- Cricoarytenoid joints (superior)

Question 12

What are the 2 processes of the arytenoid cartilages?

Answer 12

• Muscular process (points postero-laterally)

- Vocal process (points anteriorly)

Question 13

What attaches the cricoid cartilage to the tracheal cartilages?

Answer 13

Cricotracheal ligament (extrinsic)

Question 14

What in the neck does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal n. & a. pierce to reach its target?

Answer 14

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 15

Where are the false vocal cords?

What’s the name of the cord without the mucous membrane?

Answer 15

• In the (intrinsic) quadrangular membrane.

- Vestibular ligament

Question 16

Where are the true vocal cords?

What’s the name of the cord without the mucous membrane?

Answer 16

• In the (intrinsic) cricothyroid membrane

- Vocal ligament

Question 17

What lines the lateral edges of the epiglottis?

Answer 17

Aryepiglottic fold

Question 18

What area is just above the vestibular fold?

Answer 18

Vestibule

Question 19

What area is just above the vocal fold?

Answer 19

Ventricle

Question 20

What area is just below the vocal fold?

Answer 20

Infraglottic space

Question 21

What is the space b/w the vocal cords called?

Answer 21

Rima glottidis

Question 22

Cricothyroid m: innervation and action?

Answer 22

• External laryngeal n. (of superior laryngeal n. of CN X)

- Tenses vocal ligament (stretches it)

Question 23

Thyro-arytenoid m: innervation and action?

Answer 23

• Recurrent laryngeal n. (of CN X)

- Relaxes vocal ligament

Question 24

Vocalis m: innervation and action?

Answer 24

• Recurrent laryngeal n. (of CN X)

- Relaxes vocal ligament (whisperer, Dr. I doesn’t have it)

Question 25

Posterior cricoarytenoid m: innervation and action?

Answer 25

- Recurrent laryngeal n. (of CN X) | - Abducts vocal cords

Question 26

Lateral cricoarytenoid m: innervation and action?

Answer 26

- Recurrent laryngeal n. (of CN X) | - Adducts vocal cords

Question 27

Transverse and oblique arytenoid mm: innervation and action?

Answer 27

- Recurrent laryngeal n. (of CN X) | - Adducts vocal cords

Question 28

Explain posterior arch development CN innervation.

Answer 28

``` Pharyngeal arch 1: CN 5, Pharyngeal arch 2: CN 7, Pharyngeal arch 3: CN 9, Pharyngeal arch 4: CN 10 (cricothyroid m, external laryngeal) Pharyngeal arch 6: CN 10 ```

Question 29

What nerve supplies above the vocal cord?

Answer 29

Internal laryngeal n.

Question 30

What is the most common place for foreign body's to become stuck?

Answer 30

- Pyriform fossa

Question 31

What artery supplies the upper larynx? | Where does it branch from?

Answer 31

- Superior laryngeal a. | - Superior thyroid a.

Question 32

What artery supplies the lower larynx? | Where does it branch from?

Answer 32

- Inferior laryngeal a. | - Inferior thyroid a.

Question 33

What n. does the superior laryngeal a. penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane with?

Answer 33

Internal laryngeal n. (of the superior laryngeal n. of CN X)

Question 34

What n. does the inferior laryngeal a. enter the larynx with?

Answer 34

Recurrent laryngeal n. (of CN X)

Question 35

Where would an incision be made for an emergency cricothyrotomy?

Answer 35

Cricothyroid membrane (US lecture)

Question 36

Are the arytenoid cartilages ant or post? | What are they touching?

Answer 36

- Post | - Sit on cricoid cart, thyroid cart is lateral to it, epiglottis is attached to it via the aryepiglottic folds

Question 37

What is the stem of the epiglottis connected to?

Answer 37

Thyroid cartilage posteriorly (via ligament)

Question 38

What is the vocal ligament a part of?

Answer 38

Superior part of cricothyroid membrane

Question 39

What does vocal ligament attach to ant and post?

Answer 39

Ant: thyroid cartilage Post: Arytenoid cartilages

Question 40

What is connecting b/w the aryepiglottic folds, the arytenoid cartilages, and the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 40

Quadrangular membrane

Question 41

Where is the vestibular ligament, w/regards to the quadrangular membrane?

Answer 41

Inferior border