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STEP 1 > bacteria and toxins > Flashcards

bacteria and toxins Flashcards

1
Q

influenza

A

2 antigens: hemagglutinin (promotes viral entry), neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release)

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2
Q

clostridium perfringens

A

alpha-toxin/ lecithinase: phospholipase that degrades phospholipids–> degrades tissue and cell membranes–> death of these tissues

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3
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

botulinum toxin: preformed, heat labile toxin that inhibits ACh release at NMJ (also via cleaving snare)

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4
Q

bacillus cereus

A

cereulide: preformed toxin

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5
Q

mycobacteria

A

cord factor: inhibits macrophage maturation, damages mitochondria, and induces the release of TNF-alpha

sulfatides: surfae glycolipids that inhibit phagolysosomal fusion

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6
Q

corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

diphtheria exotoxin: encoded by beta-prophages (specialized transduction/ lysogenation), protein synthesis via ADP- ribosylation of EF-2

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7
Q

bacillus anthracis

A

edema/ anthrax toxin: mimics adenylate cyclase enzyme (–> increases cAMP)

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8
Q

chlamydiae

A

Elementary body: small/dense, enters cell via endocytosis and transforms into reticulate body

reticulate body: replicates in cell by fission then reorganizes into elementary bodies

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9
Q

strep pneumo

A

encapsulated bacteria, IgA protease

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10
Q

salmonella (NOT typhi)

A

endotoxin

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11
Q

shigella

A

endotoxin

shiga toxin (enterotoxin)

invasion in the key to pathogenicity (toxin not necessary to still have disease)

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12
Q

salmonella typhi

A

endotoxin

Vi capsule: protects from opsonization

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13
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

endotoxin (fever, shock)

exotoxin A: inactivates EF-2

mucoid polysaccharide capsule may contribute to chronic pneumonia in CF pts (via biofilm formation)

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14
Q

vibrio cholerae

A

enterotoxin: permanently activates Gs, increases cAMP–> NaCl efflux–> water loss

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15
Q

staph epidermidis

A

glycocalyces

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16
Q

ETEC

A

Heat labile enterotoxin: overactivates adenylate cyclase (increases cAMP)–> increased chloride secretion and water efflux in gut

heat stable enterotoxin: overactivates guanylate cyclase (increases cGMP)–> decreased resorption of NaCl and water in the gut

note: no inflammation or infvasion

17
Q

neisseria gonorrheae

A

IgA protease

pili

18
Q

neisseria meningitidis

A

IgA protease

polysaccharide capsule

LPS/LOS endotoxin: severity of disease correlates with blood concentration of LOS

pili: attach to respiratory mucosa (help gain access to blood stream)

19
Q

H flu

A

IgA protease: allows for colonization of the respiratory mucosa

HiB: antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule

20
Q

EIEC

A

microbe invades the intestinal mucosa and causes necrosis and inflammation

21
Q

EPEC

A

no toxin; adheres to apical surface, flattens villi, prevents absorption

22
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A

only gram positive organism to produce endotoxin

form actin “rocket tails” that allow for intracellular movement and cell-to-cell spread across cell membranes (avoiding antibody)

23
Q

staph aureus

A

Protein A

24
Q

group A strep (strep pyogenes)

A

Protein M= major virulence factor (inhibits phagocytosis and complement activation)

streptolysin O= toxin

25
Q

EHEC

A

shiga-like toxin: inactivates 60s ribsosome by removing adenine from rRNA; enhances cytokine release

26
Q

parainfluenza

A

surface F (Fusion) protein which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells

27
Q

RSV

A

surface F (Fusion) protein which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells

28
Q

measles (Rubeola) virus

A

surface F (Fusion) protein which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells

29
Q

mumps virus

A

surface F (Fusion) protein which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells

30
Q

clostridium tetani

A

tetanospasmin/tetanus toxin: exotoxin causing tetanus; protease that cleaves SNARE (set of proteins required for NT release via vesicular fusion)–> prevents release of inhibitory (GABA, glycine) neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells in the spinal cord

31
Q

clostridium difficile

A

toxin A (enterotoxin): binds brush border of the gut (–> diarrhea)

toxin B (cytotoxin): causes actin depolymerizatin–> cytoskeletal disruption–> necrosis

32
Q

rotavirus

A

villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption on Na+ and loss of K+

STEP 1 (20 decks)

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