Bacterio2

Question 1

Which bacteria is called strep B?

Answer 1

Strep agalactia

Question 2

Is strep agalactiae alpha hemolytic or beta hemolytic?

Answer 2

Beta hemolytic

Question 3

T or F

Strep agalactiae is prt of normal flora in women

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the main consequence of infection with strep B for a pregnant woman?

Answer 4

Premature labor(amniotic membrane early rapture)

Question 5

List the steps of this infection

Answer 5

1- present as Nf in the vagina of the mother(commensal state)(the mother is a carrier)
2- becomes virulent in uterus
3- invasion of the umbilical cord
4- affecting the lungs , heart and brain (high amount) of the baby

Question 6

T or F

The strep B found in the vaginal area acts as staph aureus where both can become virulent at anytime

Answer 6

False

In strep B there is a special case that led to this infection which is pregnancy.

Question 7

T or F

Strep B can cause abortion

Answer 7

true

Question 8

T or F

If the baby was born alive this may be an early onset disease

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T or F
Strep B can’t cause septicemia, but it causes cyanosis at birth like any other other case of a new born that has a clinical issue

Answer 9

False

Strep can cause septicemia

Question 10

T or F

Only in the case of infection(strep B) during pregnancy the baby could be lethargic (floppy)

Answer 10

False

The baby could be infected after birth directly (first 24 hrs)

Question 11

T or F

Late onset disease after strep B infection is caused by direct contact that happened after labor

Answer 11

False
During labor (not transplacentally)

Question 12

T or F
Late onset diseases have a higher mortality rate than early onset diseases, because they are caused by direct contact and can cause septicemia

Answer 12

False

Late onset diseases have lower mortality rate ( but still high) and can’t cause septicemia (only bacterimia)

Question 13

Strep agalatiae is a bimodal bacteria. Define bimodality.

Answer 13

Very Young people and very old people are susceptible to diseases (causes diseases in extreme ages) , the germ takes advantage of immunosuppressed people.

Question 14

How do they screen for GBS ( group B strep)

Answer 14

Taking a swab from vagina or rectum or both (can cause contamination) at 8th month or preg (3rd trimester)

Question 15

How to treat GBS + women?

Answer 15

Prophylactic IV ampicillin

Question 16

T or F

strep pneumoniae infection is not a cause of CAP (community acquired pneumoniae)

Answer 16

False

Question 17

T or F

Strep pneumoniae is part of the normal flora before it’s tranformation

Answer 17

True

Before transformation and having a capsule(virulence factor) (FG exp)

Question 18

T or F

Uncontrolled spreading of strep pneumo is caused by trasmission from carrier symptomatic to a non carrier

Answer 18

Flase

Carrier asymptomatic

Question 19

How many serotypes of strep pneu we have that infect adults?

Answer 19

8

Question 20

T or F

50% of humans are carriers of strep pneu at some stage of their lives

Answer 20

False

75%

Question 21

T or F

The 8 strains target the children

Answer 21

False

We have another strains that target the children

Question 22

Shape of strep pneumoniae

Answer 22

Diplococci (lancet shape appearance)

Question 23

T or F
Strep pneumonia is characterized by secreting streptolysin O responsible for destroying RBC,inhibiting oxidative burst and neutrophil chemotaxis…

Answer 23

False

Pneumolysin O

Question 24

T or F

Presence of pneumolysin O is enough for resistance even if the capsule is absent

Answer 24

False

Strep pneu can undergo phagocytosis

Question 25

What do we mean by "loss of natural resistance"?

Answer 25

It's like in case of covid where we treat them with antibiotics That's because the virus affected the barriers (cillia,normal flora) and this is when strep pneumonia can infect the host This also happens in case of excessive alcohol (from vomitting, aspiration) or smoking(destruction of cillia)

Question 26

Lobar pneumonia is a feature of ... infection

Answer 26

Pneumococci (strep pneumoniae)

Question 27

What are the complications associated with strep pneumo infection?

Answer 27

``` Sinusitis Otitis Hemoptysis ( destruction of blood vessels) Rusty sputum Empyema (pus in the pleural cavity) Bacteremia Meningitis Septic arthritis ```

Question 28

Name the test we use in the lab to detect the presence of pneumococci

Answer 28

Quellung ( swelling ) reaction test

Question 29

PPV23 is a vaccine for....

Answer 29

Pneumococci

Question 30

T or F Unlike viral infection, bacterial infection in pneumonia causes destruction of parenchyma of the lungs ( alveoli) and dyspnea on the long term.

Answer 30

False | Reversed

Question 31

Bacterial pneumonia is treated nowayads with (narrow/broad) spectrum antibiotics

Answer 31

Broad because we dunno the bacteria causing it

Question 32

Case : a patient has undergone splenectomy 2 years ago , and now he is infected with strep pneumo. Are there any worries regarding this case ? If yes, why and how we can prevent such an infection?

Answer 32

Yes because the spleen is an important lymohatic organ against encapsulated bacteria (strep pneumonia). We can give the patient vaccine (eg.PCV) after splenectomy directly to prevent such an infection.

Question 33

T or F | Sinusitis is always caused by viral infections

Answer 33

False | Bacterial infection

Question 34

In otitis media is an inflammation caused by pseudomonas

Answer 34

False | Caused by strep pneumoniae

Question 35

Strep viridans are part of NF of genital tract Tor F

Answer 35

False | NF in URT and GI

Question 36

T or F | Infection with viridans strep is associated with dental extraction

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Dental extraction after valve replacement can cause .... caused mainly by .....

Answer 37

Sub-acute endocarditis | Viridans strep infection

Question 38

Enterococcus is found .... culture

Answer 38

Urine

Question 39

Enterococcus usually grow on .... agar

Answer 39

Bile esculin

Question 40

Mode of transmission of enterococcus

Answer 40

By contamination and direct contact (catheters and instruments)

Question 41

Dessert🍮 Strep pneumo is a gram...bacteria that appears... on microscope, it causes pnemonia and while examining the X-ray we have swelling of the ...tissue and ...

Answer 41

Positive Purple-blue Local Consolidation

Question 42

Early onset disease of strep B can be caused by a trasmission through------- While late is most likely due to-----

Answer 42

- transplacentally or in 24 hrs | - contact

Question 43

Late onset symptoms:

Answer 43

Meningitis Osteomyelitis Bacteremia

Question 44

Enterococcus is part of -------- NF, it causes ------ in a nosocomial setting and it's usually ------ in a urine culture

Answer 44

GI UTI Polymicrobial