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Bacterio4 Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Clostridium rods are gram…. , (spore forming/non)…. , (aerobic/anaerobic) …… bacteria and (motile/nonmotile)….

A

Positive
Spore forming
Anaerobes
Motile

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2
Q

Clostridium tetani and botulinum diseases are …… mediated. Clostridium perfringens causes ….. of the muscle and …. gangrene while clostridium difficile causes……

A

Toxin
Fermentation
Gas gangrene
Nosocomial gastroenteritis

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3
Q

T or F

TSST are superantigens

A

True

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4
Q

The flagella on clostridium have …… appearance

A

Peritrichous (in all directions)

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5
Q

Clostridium tetani are present mainly in …., feces of animals and nail and teeth of animals
On gram staining it appears like a ….. with a terminal spore

A

Soil

Drumstick

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6
Q

What causes the disease by clostridium tetani is the toxin called ……. which is …… coded

A

Tetanospasmin

Plasmid coded

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7
Q

Tetanospasmin will be released (before / after) vegetation of the spore, it blocks the release of ….. in CNS this will lead to an ….. contractions aka…..

A

After
GABA
Irreversible
Spasms

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8
Q 
In a tetanus case we can see:
1-...... smile aka------
2- sustained....
3- .....
4-..... of the back aka------
A

1- cynical smile( risus sardonicus)
2- sustained spasms
3-locked jaW (trismus)
4-arching of the back (opithotonos) (may cause vertebral fractures)

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9
Q

Tetanospasmin mainly affects the CNS , so this may lead to …… (perturbance of the electricity of the heart),……..(blood related) and …..(not because of the infection itself but because of disruption of the limbic system).

A

Cardiac arrhythmia
Blood pressure
Fever

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10
Q

Regarding diagnosis of clostridium tetani it’s completely ….
regarding it’s treatment is difficult

A

Clinical

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11
Q

What is the name of treatment containing neutralizing antibodies for tetanospasmin?

A

Tetagam

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12
Q

If the new born was infected by clostridium tetani while cuting his umbilical cord he will develop……..
Tx: …… and …..
then after 10 years i will give him a booster called ….

A

Neonatal sepsis
Tetagam (to protect him first 2 weeks)
DTaP( to induce active immunity in this baby)
Tetavax (Td)

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13
Q

If an adult that had taken his last booster at 10 got bitten by a dog, should we give him tetagam or tetavax?

A

Tetavaxxxxx (foreverrr👄)

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14
Q

T or F

If the patient had taken all his vaccines and booster for tetanoplasmin , he deosn’t need tetagam anymore in any case.

A

False

He need tetagam in case of dirty wounds( zefet)

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15
Q

T or F

Clostridium botulism are found in smoked , spiced and canned food like in homemade pickles

A

True

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16
Q

T or F

Clostridium botulinum are invasive unlike tetani

A

False they not invasive they secrete toxin

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17
Q

Regarding botulinum toxin, it’s coded by ….. , have light and heavy chains joined by ….., will enter the axon and destroy….. this will lead to …. paralysis.

A

Bacteriophage
Disulfide bond
Snares (Snap proteins)
Flaccid paralysis

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18
Q

Paralysis caused by botulinum toxin can have an effect on vision(……….), swallowing(………) ,speach (………) —— and —— nerves.

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A

1-diplopia (double vision)
2-dysphagia
3-dysarthria
vagus ( heart ) and phrenic

19
Q

T or F

Clostridium botulinum have a long IP unlike chlostridia tetani

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A

False

reversed

20
Q

The antitoxin or antidote given for clostridium botulinum is …… because the number of toxins that mostly cause the disease are …

21
Q

Sudden infant death after cyanosis, may be caused by…….. after the infant (less than 1 year ) has ingested …..

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A

Clostridum botulinum

Honey

22
Q

botulinum can cause —— (closed eyelids) due to ——- and taking the shot ——- or ——-, also it can cause skin infections like —— together with——

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A

ptosis
Contamination with clostridium botulinum while taking the shot of black tar heroin SC or IM leads to ptosis
abscesses (skin botulism)
chlostridia perfringens

23
Q

Clostridia perfringens is (invasive/not)…..,(secrete/not) ……toxins, causes …..gangrene or clostridial…..and ……. (detected after pulpation) and can cause —— and —– because it’s invasive with its toxin

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A 
Invasive
Secrete toxins
Gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis
Crepitation
bacteremia and toximia
24
Q

Some toxins secreted by clostridium perfringens attack ….. and secretes exotoxins named —,— and—- while others make ….. causing —— gastroenteritis

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A

Skin and muscles
alpha beta and epsilon
Enterotoxins
necrotizing

25
T or F | Clostridium perfringens spores can't cause necrotizing gastroenteritis
False | They can because the enterotoxin is found on the spore too
26
T or F | Clostridium perfringens can cause toxemia and bacterimia
True | Because they are invasive
27
Tx of clostridia perfringens
Penicillin G
28
Clostridium difficile is part of .... NF, can cause ....., this case is also caused by two antibiotics:..... and ....., this case is caused by realease of toxins ...,... and ...
Intestinal Pseudomembranous colitis Clindamycin and omeprazole Toxins A and B
29
Tx for C.diff
We start with metronidazole | If no effect we give vancomycin (PO not IV)
30
Neisseriae are diplocci (.......shape),(strict or non strict) human pathogens,gram....., gonnorrhea prefers to live ..... while meningitidis prefers to live......., neisseria are mostly (aerobic or anaerobic)
- kidney shape - strict - negative - intracellular - extracellular - aerobic
31
Which one have a capsule and which don't? Gonorrhea or meningitidis
Gono no capsule while menin have capsule
32
T or F | Gono and menin share about 50% of DNA
False | 70%
33
Neisseria meningitidis are mostly transmitted in the ..... while gonorrhea are transmitted only.....
Urt | Sexually ( genitourinary)
34
Neisseria can grow on both media: ......... (non-selective) and ....... (selective for neisseria), both are ..... agars (heated blood agars), they are oxidase (+/-)
Chocolate medium Thayer-Martin medium Chocolate Oxidase +
35
N.gonorrhea aka....., have many .....on the outer surface of bacteria, and pores. Opa is a virulence factor , has a role in ....... Rmp has a role in ...... Have LOS of short.....and more ..... beta lactamases (pos/neg)-------
``` Gonococci Pilli (fimbrae) Aggregation Protection of other antigens O antigen and more variability ```
36
Tx of gonnorrhea:
Beta lactamases ( MDR in leb PDR in canada) Ceftriaxone (IM) (for adults) Erythromycin for children (in eyes)
37
STIs are never diagnosed ...... we should always do testing
Clinically
38
List the consequences of the N.gonorrhea infection on - urethra - rectum - pharynx - cervix - fallopian tubes - ovaries
-urethritis -proctitis (pus in stool with pain while defecating) -pharyngitis -cervicitis -salpingitis -oophoritis PID-------> peri hepatitis
39
T or F | STI can only be transmitted through sexual contact
true but in case of gonorrhea from mother to child
40
....... is a term used when we have already an infection and another one will follow it example of infections following ulcers caused by----- , like in case of STIs In STIs ..... of women are asymptomatic
Co-infections syphilus or ducreyi 80%
41
N.gonorrhea in children may cause.....
Ophthalmia neonatorum
42
In urethritis there is ..... leaking out , and thus we will have bad smell of urine (khara aktr mena khara), and the urethra may ...... this will need surgery
Pus | Close
43
Oophritis and orchitis may lead to .....
Infertility
44
.......is a case caused by N.gonorrhea, found on 1 knee because of ------
Septic arthritis | bacteremia

Bacteriology (10 decks)

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