- ingestion of unpasteurized milk - by contact during lab or of a dried placenta - inhalation of dried placenta - trans-placentally from mother to child

Bacterio8 Flashcards by Mahdi Akoush

Brucella melitensis are (extracellular/facultative intra)——(motile/non)—–(capsulated/not)——– , have a ….. shape

Facultative intracellular
Non motile
Non capsulated
Cocco-bacilli

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T or F

Brucella melitensis are biovars,serovars and morphovars

False

Not serovars

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Define biovar

Have different biochemical reactions

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Source of brucella:

ingestion of unpasteurized milk
by contact during lab or of a dried placenta
inhalation of dried placenta
trans-placentally from mother to child

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T or F

Brucella is transmitted from human to human

False

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Cultures of brucella are called….

Castaneda bottles

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Site of replication of brucella

Monocytes and macrophages (naive)

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After brucella escapes the phagocytic vacuole it will accumulate and form ——–

Granulomas (DTH 4)

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T or F

Erythitol is secreted by placenta (in humans) and this will cause abortion after infection with brucella.

False

This happens only in animals

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IP for brucella after ingestion

1-3 weeks or more

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List the symptoms of acute brucellosis

Fever
Chills
Myalgia
Anorexia ( loss of apetite not nervosa)
Lymphadenopathy
Hepato and splenomegaly
Bacterimia

localized acute;
Osteomyelitis
Discitis
Arthritis
Splenic abscess
prostatitis
pleural effusion
endocarditis

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List symptoms of chrinic brucellosis

Fatigue
Undulating fever with sweating
Neuropsychatric symptoms like mood disturbances , depression

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The laboratory test used to detect brucella:

Wright’s test

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If the IgG test was pisitive then in which stage of the disease we are?

Active disease

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T or F

We diagnose brucella by castaneda test

False

By serology test

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Tx of brucella melitensis

Doxyxycline and streptomycin prt (in osteomyelitis and abscess)
Doxycycline and gentamycin prt(in osteomyelitis and abscess)
Doxyxycline with rifampin po
Bactrim for children
Rifampin for pregos

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T or F
Immunosuppressed patients (HIV) have more severe manifestation than normal people after infection with brucella

False

The only bacteria that have no effect on immunosuppressed patients

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Haemophilus influenza grows on .—— agar , part of —–NF, has a shape of …….. it’s a very common cause of …….. in children

Chocolate
URT
Coccobacilli
Otitis media

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Haemophilus influenzae requires……. (factors) to grow on the agar

Factor X and V

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Factor X alone is for……

Factor V alone is for…..

Haemophilus ducreyi

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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T or F

If no capsule present on haemophilus influenza then no disease is present

False

With capsule this will cause more disease

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Hib:
NTHi:

Hib : H.infl type b

NTHi: no capsule (non typable)

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T or F

In satellism observed on chocolate agar staph aureus is in the middle and H.influenza are around.

False

On blood agar

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Diseases accompanied with typable H.influenzae:

1-meningitis
2-conjuctivitis
3- epiglottitis
4- septic arthritis

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Diseases accompanied with NTHi:

Otitis media Sinusitis Pneumonia or bronchitis

T or F | In epiglottitis, we should give the antibiotic IV for rapid response

False We should do medical emergency Tracheostomy

T or F | In meningitis caused by H.influenzae , it's only present in patients between 2-3 months to 2 years

True

The most cause of neonatal meningitis are the following bacteria

LEB Listeria E coli Strep B

T or F | Meningitis caused by H.influenzae is fatal, caused by bacterimia after a sore throat.

True

The vaccine for H.influenzae is for the (typablr or non typable)------, named......... of ..... doses, the first is on..... month and the booster is after.....

``` Typable that have capsule PRP ( polyribosyl ribitol phosphate) 2 2 months 1 year ```

Tx for H.influenzae

3rd GC ( ceftriaxone)

T or F | Haemophilus ducreyi is part of NF

False

Ducreyi causes ...... that we call ..... ulcer or the soft ..... unlike the hard ..... caused by syphilis. When we say only ------ we refer to the one caused by syphilis.

STI Chancroid ulcer or the soft chancre Hard chancre Chancre

T or F | Ducreyi is more present in africa where we have HiV 1

False | HIV2

The symptoms caused by ducreyi will appear after ..... of sexual contact , condom (will/won't) ----- protect us from it.

1 weeek | Won't

Progression of skin disease caused by ducreyi.

Papule Ulcer with restricted marginnn Granulomatous base (T h w macrophages) Bloody and painful unlike syphilus

How to differentiate between syphilis and ducreyi on the physical examination?

Ducreyi skin lesions are bloody and painful unlike those of syphilus Also ducreyi will cause unilateral lymphadenopathy like a bubo unlike syphilus

Tx of ducreyi

Azithromycin or Ceftriaxone

T or F | Ducreyi infection can propagate to the inguinal LN and make a bubo like appearance but unlike yersinia it can't rupture

False | It can rupture ( same as yersinia )

T or F | Ducreyi can cause systemic infections

False

Low T4 count can make any bacteria .......

Become invasive

Bordetella pertusis is an (aerobic/anaerobe)------ (capsulated / non)----- grows on ------- culture and have a ..... shape

Aerobe Capsulated Bordet-gengou Coccobacilli

T or F | Humans aren't the only hosts for pertusis

False the are the only hosts

List the 5 virulence factors for pertusis and role of each

1-Pertusis toxin (binds to cells mostly on cilliated cells) 2-Pilli 3-Cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase (reduces the sugar (hypoglycemia) that affects the function of leukocytes not the number) 4-Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) helps in aggregation of cells 5- tracheal cytotoxin

Pertussis causes ........ after the removal of -------- and this is the main cause of -----

Superinfections Cilia and goblet cells Death

Eg. of superinfection is the infection with staph aureus or pneumonia after ......

Influenzae

List the three phases of infection with pertussis

1-catarrhal (URTI) perfect time to take a specimen 2- paroxysmal (too late to efficiently treat) we give vancomycin 3-convalescent (high risk of superinfections)

Tx of pertussis

Macrolides | Vancomycin for super infections

Legionella pneumophila is (aerobe/ana)------ , coesxist in other eukayutic organism called------ (parasite) in ------

Aerobic | Amoeba in biofilms

Legionella causes ...... disease

Legionaire's

....... is found on water tanks with .......

Legionella | Amoeba

Culture of legionella:

BCYE | Buffer charcoal yeast extract

Legionella is (extracellular/intra)------ and the specific species that infect humans are legionella pneumophila that hydrolyses -------

Fac intra | Hippurate

Legionella is found in (running/stagnant)----- water

Stagnant

Legionella finds the host cell which is ....... by the ------ protein , after entering it fails to ...... with ..... and consequently will form ....... (big vacuole)

The macrophage Mip Fuse with the lysosome LCV : legionella containing vacuole

L.pneumophila causes ........ pneumonia like strep pneumonia

Alveolar/ lobar or segmental pneumonia

Risk factors for developing legionaire's disease:

``` 55year old Smoking Alcohol COPD CVD DM RA (on predrisone) ```

Prodromal illness means the ....... symptoms aka--------

``` Non specific Constitutional symptoms (fever, chills , myalgia, nausea and malaise.....) ```

Legionella causes (rapid/slow ) --------proggressive illness after 1 week of ------- illness so we should do the -------- test, no ----- and no----

Rapid Febrile Antigen in urine (pneumophila l wahede l bttlaa bl urine) No serology (laana mesh obligate extracellular) No BCYE (laanu badu waet)

Which antibiotics work efficiently on L.pneumophila

Macrolides (azithromycin 500mg OD) Tetracycline Quinolones(levofloxacin 750 mg OD)

Legionella has extra respiratory manifestation they are as follow:

Diarrhea Epigastric and abdominal pain Rhabdomyolysis ( destruction of skeleta muscle) GI , liver(increase in enzymes), kidney ( hematuria ) and increase creatinine , CNS

T or F | Legionella whether in legionaire's pneumophila or pontiac fever will cause headache, myalgia and fatigue.

True

Pontiac fever is (self-limited / chronic)------ with (high/low)-------incubation period and (higher/lower) ----- mortality rate and low ------ disease

Self-limited Low Lower Low

Describe the broncho-alveolar lavaage

Bronchoscopy with water injection then aspiration to test it , this is called lavage.

T or F | Legionella is part of CAP

True | Not always the case in pontiac fever

T or F | Pertusis causes toxemia

False It's not invasive And no toxemiA

Legionella (legionaire or pontiac) causes ------- diseases like covid

Extra respiratory | Like headache fatigue chills diarrhea abdominal pain

Which fever caused by legionella is more severe

The one Caused by legionaire (42)

Antigen tests for legionella are highly --------

Sensitive

Bacterio8 Flashcards

(69 cards)