Baddeley and Hitch model

Question 1

Phonological loop

Answer 1

1. A phonological store
   - holds about 2s worth of speech
2. An articulatory control process
   - Repeats store ‘Inner speech’ to prevent decay

suffers from irrelevant speech
- Worse recall when speech in background (regardless of the content)

Articulatory suppression effect
- speaking while remembering worsens recall, also no word length effect

Question 2

Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

Answer 2

holds mental representation of the real world (more right hemi). Does visual scanning, boundary detection, rotation)

Tested w eg mental rotation task or Corsi Blocks task (span of visual memory (recall order))

Question 3

Episodic buffer

Answer 3

Multi modal part added to the model later. Ensures the interaction of information of all modes and binds them to allow for consolidation

Connects to the LTM so chunkiong processes can reach the slave systems

Has a role in semantic memory processes

Question 4

Interference in resources

Answer 4

When two task use resources form the same part of WM

Question 5

Central executive

Answer 5

Control center. Devotes to a sub system if the demands on it becomme taxing.

Regulates the flow of information in the current stream of thought as a superviosory attentional system

Question 6

Word length effect

Answer 6

In phonological loop;

Syllabic;
More syllables means less words in phonological store

Articulatory word length;
Longer articulation time is less in store.

The more syllables in a number (eg Arabic), the smaller the digit span. Chinese have short nr., so can remember more digits

Question 7

Critique on Baddeley&Hitch and Atkinson& Shiffrin

Answer 7

B&H
Does not explain everything and remains vague on some components/processes
- EG mechanism of CE (eg subcomponents EF)
- Rehearsal process of phono loop
- Function of the buffer

A&S
- Sequential stream of STS-LTS not always necessary
- Strong focus on rehearsal
- Ignores phonological effects