Short term memory

Question 1

Sensory memory

Answer 1

Modality specific, relatively primitive.

Low level procesing
1. Visual/Iconic
2. Auditory/echoic
3. Haptic/touch

Question 2

Iconic decay

Answer 2

Stores visual information (short)
Partial reproduction paradigm
- Memory largely decayed after 1.5 sec, after that just as good as guessing

Question 3

Short term memory

Answer 3

Depends on attention
Limited capacity
Serial processing (rehearsal)

Tested w eg Bron-Peterson task
- Shown series of trigrams
- Retention interval (betw 3-18 sec) with distractor task (count backw. with 4s) to prevent rehearsal
- Recall trigrams (quickly decays the longer the interval)

Question 4

Interference

Answer 4

Waugh and Norman; interference caused stronger decay of STM (probe-digit task) than time

Proactive = interference of everything you learned in the past

Retroactive = interference caused by stuff you’ll learn later

Question 5

Primacy vs recency effect

Answer 5

Primacy = better remembering the first words, bc they have better change of being transferred to LTM

Recency= remembering the last words better due to them still being in STM
- Amnesia patients reproduce fewer items but show normal recency effect

Question 6

Suffix effect

Answer 6

Crowder

Listed nine items, recall
Suffix added at end of the seq.
- Buzzer; recency effect visible
- Speech: Recency effect disrupted

Adding a suffix of similar sound will interfere with the recalling, causing the recency effect to deminish

Question 7

Working memory

Answer 7

information can be manipulated in short term memory

Eg n back test

Question 8

Echoic decay

Answer 8

In partial reproduction paradigm (similar to iconic)
- Lasts longer, better than guessing after 1.5 s

Echoic stores for longer than iconic