Picture-word interference

Question 1

Paradigm

Answer 1

Present visual picture of object

Hear either silence or other word over headphones, words can be;
- unrelated
- semantically related
- phonologically related
At three different stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs)
- 150 ms
0 ms
+ 150 ms

Result calculated by taking RT for (SOA+type of stimulus) - RT for silence
- positive means slower for that condition
- negative means faster for that condition

Question 2

Unrelated word result

Answer 2

Overall slow down of RT with largest effect at 0ms SOA

Question 3

Semantic interference

Answer 3

Early

The conceptualization stage is for selecting what to express. This system is sensitive to semantic relatedness. If distractors are present, the activation of competing concepts slows down the selection process.

Question 4

Phonological facilitation

Answer 4

Late

The phonological encoding stage is for retrieving the phonological form of the already selected word. Distractors can interfere due to competition between target words representation and the distractors representation. After, at +150ms, the activation can facilitate the picture naming to even faster than silence

Question 5

Summary of result

Answer 5

Harder to say klok when you hear horloge at early SOA (<0)

Easier to say klok when you hear klos at simultaneous or late SOA (>0)

This supports the sequential model with the early lemma retrieval and later lexeme retrieval (Levelt model)