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Board Review - B - Microbiology > Basic Bacteriology II > Flashcards

Basic Bacteriology II Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

obligate intracellular

A

rickettsia
chlamydia
coxiella

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2
Q

facultative intracellular

A 
salmonella
neisseria
brucella
mycobacterium
listeria
franscisella
legionella
yersinia pestis
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3
Q

encapsulated bacteria

A 
strep pneumo
h. flu type B
neisseria meningitidis
E. coli
salmonella
klebsiella pneumonia
group B strep

anti-phagocytic virulence factor
-opsonized and cleared by spleen

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4
Q

asplenic patient

A

need to vaccinate - strep pneumo, h. flu, neisseria meningitidis

cannot opsonize and clear encapsulated bacteria

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5
Q

vaccines to asplenic patient

A

pneumovax - PCV and PPSV
h. flu type B - conjugate vac
meningococcal vaccine - conjugate vac

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6
Q

urease positive organisms

A 
cryptococcus
h. pylori
proteus
ureaplasma
nocardia
klebsiella
staph epidermidis
staph saprophyticus
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7
Q

catalase positive organisms

A 
nocardia
pseudomonas
listeria
aspergillus
candida
E. coli
staph
serratia
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8
Q

bacteria form yellow sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

-filaments of bacteria

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9
Q

bacteria form yellow pigment

A

staph aureus - gold

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10
Q

bacteria form blue-green pigment

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

bacteria produce red pigment

A

serratia marcescens

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12
Q

protein A

A

bind Fc region IgG - prevent opsonin and phago

staph aureus

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13
Q

IgA protease

A

to colonize resp tract

strep pneumo
h. flu type B
neisseria

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14
Q

M protein

A

group A strep - prevent phago

molecular mimicry - autoimmunity in rheumatic fever

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15
Q

type III secretion system

A

injectisome aka

needle like appendage - delivery of toxins from gram - to host

pseudomonas, salmonella, shigella, e. coli

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16
Q

exotoxin

A 
secreted from cell
polypeptide
gene in plasmid or bacteriophage
high toxicity
vaccines are toxoids

ex/ tetanus, botulism, diptheria

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17
Q

endotoxin

A 
outer cell membrane gram - bacteria
LPS
genes in bacterial chromsome
low toxicity
induce TNF, IL1, IL6
no vaccines available

ex. meningococcemia - sepsis gram - rods

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18
Q

cornybacterium diptheria exotoxin

Study These Flashcards
A

diptheria toxin
-inactivate EF-2

pharyngitis with pseudomonas in throat and severe lymphadenopathy - bull neck

19
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin

Study These Flashcards
A

exotoxin A
-inactivate EF-2

host cell death

20
Q

shigella exotoxin

Study These Flashcards
A

shigella toxin (ST)

inactivate 60S ribosome - remove adenine from rRNA

GI mucosa damage - dysentery

enhanced cytokine release - HUS

21
Q

EHEC exotoxin

Study These Flashcards
A

shiga-like toxin (SLT)

inactivate 60S ribosome - remove adenine from rRNA

cytokine release > HUS (prototype O157:H7)

does not invade host cells

22
Q

ETEC exotoxin

Study These Flashcards
A

heat-labile - activate adenylate cyclase (cAMP)

  • increased cAMP
  • increased Cl secretion and H2O efflux
  • watery diarrhea

heat-stabile - activate guanylate cyclase (cGMP)

  • increased cGMP
  • decreased reabsorption NaCl and H2O
  • watery diarrhea
23
Q

heat labile vs. heat stabile toxin

Study These Flashcards
A

both exotoxin from ETEC

  • heat-labile - adenylate cyclase - cAMP - Cl
  • heat stabile - guanylate cyclase - cGMP - NaCl
24
Q

bacillus anthracis exotoxin

Study These Flashcards
A

edema toxin

  • mimic adenylate cyclase - increased cAMP
  • edematous border of black eschar in cutaneous anthrax
25
vibrio cholera exotoxin
cholera toxin overactive adenylate cyclase - increased cAMP release - permanent activated Gs - increased Cl secretion and H2O efflux rice water diarrhea
26
bordetella pertussis exotoxin
pertussis toxin - overactive adenylate cyclase - increased cAMP - disabling Gi
27
whooping cough
bordetella pertussis
28
clostridium tetani exotoxin
tetanospasmin -cleave SNARE - for NT release via vesicle fusion prevent release of GABA and glycine (inhibitory) - NT from renshaw cells in spinal cord - spasticity, risus sardonicus, lockjaw
29
clostridium botulinum exotoxin
botulinum toxin -cleave SNARE - for NT release via vesicle fusion flaccid paralysis, floppy baby -toxin prevent stimulatory ACh signals at NMJ
30
exotoxin ADP ribosylating A-B toxin
B - binding - to host cell surface receptor - allows endocytosis A - active component - attaches ADP ribosyl to disrupt host cell proteins
31
clostridium perringes exotoxin
alpha toxin phospholipase - degrades tissue and cell membranes degrades phospholipids - myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis (double zone on blood agar)
32
strep pyogenes exotoxin
streptolysin O protein - degrade cell membranes lyses RBCs - contribute to beta-hemolysis Abs - ASO - diagnosis of rheumatic fever
33
diagnose strep pyogenes
ASO titer - antibody to streptolysin O
34
staph aureus and toxic shock exotoxin
TSST-1 -superantigen bind MHC II and TCR - outside of Ag binding site - overwhelming release of IL1, IL2, IFN-gamma, TNF-a - shock toxic shock syndrome
35
staph aureus exotoxins
TSST-1 - toxic shock syndrome exfoliative toxin - scalded skin syndrome enterotoxin - food poisoning
36
strep pyogenes exotoxin
exotoin A -superantigen bind MHC II and TCR - outside of Ag binding site - overwhelming release of IL1, IL2, IFN-gamma, TNF-a - shock can also cause toxic shock syndrome
37
LPS
in outer membrane of gram negative bacteria -lipid A activate macros - IL1, TNFa, nitric oxide activate complement - C3a, C5a activate tissue factor - coag cascade > DIC
38
transformation
take up naked DNA from environment strep pneumo, h flu type B, neisseria
39
conjugation
sex pilus on F+ contacts F- bacteria single strand of plasmid DNA transferred across conjugal bridge
40
high frequency recombination
Hfr F + plasmid - incorporated into bacterial DNA -replication of incorporated plasmid DNA
41
transposition
segment of DNA - excision and reintegration from one location of DNA to plasmid and vice versa
42
vanA
vanco resistant enterococcus > staph aureus transfer of plasmid genetics
43
transduction generalized
lytic phage infect bacteria - cleave bacterial DNA -parts of bacterial DNA into viral capsid phage then infects another bacterial cell packaging event
44
transduction specialized
lysogenic phage infect bacteria - viral DIA into bacterial chromosome - phage DNA excised - flanking bacterial genes excised with it - DNA packed into phage viral capsid excision event

Board Review - B - Microbiology (16 decks)

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