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GI Summary Sheets JB > Basic Gastric Physiology > Flashcards

Basic Gastric Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two regions of the stomach?

A

Oxyntic Mucosa

Antral Region

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2
Q

What cells are contained in the OM?

A

Parietal Cells
Chief Cells
ECL Cells

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3
Q

What do Parietal Cells secrete?

A

Gastric Juice (HCL) and Intrinsic Factor

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4
Q

What does Chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

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5
Q

What do Enterochromaffin Like Cells secrete? (ECL cells)

A

Histamine

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6
Q

What cells are contained in the Antrum?

A

G Cells

D Cells

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7
Q

What do G cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

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8
Q

What do D cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

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9
Q

Where are most functional cells found?

A

Gastric Pits

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10
Q

Where are the endocrine cells found?

A

Bottom of the gastric pits

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11
Q

Where are the mucous cells found?

A

Top of the gastric pits

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12
Q

Explain the location of cells in gastric pits?

A

Endocrine cells are at the bottom and mucous cells are at the top to produce an alkaline layer of mucous to protect the cells from the acidic secretion of the OM

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13
Q

The higher the rate of secretion of gastric juices by parietal cells, the more/less acidic it is?

A

More acidic

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14
Q

Describe pernicious anaemia?

A

This is caused by B12 deficiency. It can be caused by destruction of the OM as this is where the parietal cells that secrete intrinsic factor are located. intrinisc factor binds to B12 and allows it to be absorbed in the distal ileum.

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15
Q

What does Gastrin do?

A

Increases gastric acid secretion and prepares the rest of the stomach for digestion

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16
Q

Where is Gastrin secreted from?

A

G cells of the Antrum

17
Q

What stimulates Gastrin secretion?

A

ACh released from vagus nerve in response to a food bolus in the stomach
Amino acids and peptides in the stomach

18
Q

What does Histamine do?

A

Increases acid secretion

19
Q

What receptors does Histamine act on?

A

H2 receptors of parietal cells

20
Q

What stimulates Histamine secretion?

A

ACh and Gastrin

21
Q

Where is Histamine secreted from?

A

Enterochromaffin Like Cells (ELC) in the OM

22
Q

What does Somatostatin do?

A

Inhibits gastric acid secretion

23
Q

Where is Somatostatin released from?

A

D cells of the Antrum

24
Q

What is CCK?

A

Is it a digestive hormone

25
Q

What stimulates CCK?

A

Stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach or small intestine

26
Q

What does CCK do?

A

Acts on the gallbladder causing it to secrete bile into the small intestine

27
Q

Describe the role of Secretin and VIP

A

These are released by the duodenum

They inhibit gastric acid secretion

28
Q

Describe the affect of parasympathetic stimulation on gastric digestion?

A

Increased motility

Increased secretion

29
Q

Describe the affect of sympathetic stimulation on gastric secretion?

A

Decreased Motility

Decreased Secretion

30
Q

Gastrin: Produced where? Acts on what? Causes what? Stimulated y what?

A 
G Cells
Stomach
Releases HCl and Pepsin
Contracts pyloric region
Increased motility
- Food Bolus (Vagus nerve) And amino acid/peptide presence in stomach
31
Q

CCK: Produced where? Acts on what? Causes what? Stimulated by what?

A

Small Intestine
Gall Bladder
Releases Bile
- Food bolus in stomach

32
Q

Secretin: Produced where? Acts on what? Causes what? Stimulated by what?

A 
Duodenum
Acts on pancreas
Causes water and bicardbonate secretion (Dilutes HCl)
Inhibits gastrin secretion
- Low pH

GI Summary Sheets JB (27 decks)

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