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GI Summary Sheets JB > GI Tract and Motility > Flashcards

GI Tract and Motility Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory structures of the GI tract?

A

Pancreas
Salivary Gland
Liver and Gall Bladder

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2
Q

What muscle is mainly involved in the GI tract?

A

Smooth Muscle

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3
Q

Describe digestion of Carbohydrates?

A

Polysaccharides (Eg: Starch and Glycogen) go to Monosaccharides (Glucose, Galactose, Fructose)
Mediated by Amylases

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4
Q

Describe protein digestion?

A

Protein goes to amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides

Mediated by proteases

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5
Q

Describe fat digestion?

A

Fat goes to Monoglyceride and Free Fatty Acids

Mediated by Lipase

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6
Q

What two liquids are the products of digestion transferred to?

A

Blood and Lymph
Protein and Carbohydrates go to blood
Fats go to lymph

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7
Q

What are the four basic processes of digestion?

A

Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption

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8
Q

Describe the digestive tract wall?

How to remember this?

A 
Mucosa:
Epithelial
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosae
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa

Mate: Every little person might make some meaty eaty sausages

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9
Q

Mum, every little person might make some meaty eaty sasuage

A

Mucosa - Epithelium, lamina propria, musclaris mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externia
Serosa

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10
Q

What happens if circle muscle contracts?

A

Lumen becomes narrower and longer

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11
Q

What happens in longitudinal muscle contracts?

A

Intestine becomes shorter and fatter

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12
Q

What happens when the Muscularis Mucosa contacts?

A

Changes the absorptive and secretory area of the mucosa

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13
Q

How does electrical signals pass through smooth muscle?

A

Through gap junctions. There is a functional synctium which allows hundreds of cells to depolarise and contract at the same time

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14
Q

What drives slow wave activity?

A

Interstitial Cells of Cajal

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15
Q

In smooth muscle slow wave, what mediates upstroke? What mediates downstroke?

A

Voltage activated Ca2+ channels

Voltage activated K+ channels

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16
Q

What parts of the GI tract are skeletal muscle?

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Upper Oesophagus
External Anal Sphincter

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17
Q

Name all the sphincters?

A 
Upper Oesophageal Sphincter
Lower Oesophageal Sphincter
Pyloric Sphincter
Ileocaecal Sphincter
Internal Anal Sphincter
External Anal Sphincter

Sphincter of Oddi

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18
Q

Where is the swallowing centre?

A

medulla

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19
Q

What are the three pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotids
Submandibular
Sublingular

20
Q

Where is salivary primarily secreted from?

A

The Acinus

21
Q

What is in the primary secretion?

A

Na+
K+
Cl-
HCO3-

22
Q

Describe the modification of the primary secretion?

A 
The Duct Cells
Na+ Removed
Cl- removed
HCO3- added
K+ added
23
Q

What kind of nerves are sent when food is detected?

A

Afferent

24
Q

What receptors are involved in parasympathetic stimulation of saliva?

A

Muscarinic Acetylcholine (M3)

25
Q

What receptors are involved in sympathetic stimulation of saliva?

A

B2 adrenoreceptors

26
Q

What two factors affect gastric emptying?

A 
Gastric Factors (Lots of thin chyme)
Duodenal Factors (If it's not ready)
27
Q

What are the two glands of the stomach?

A

Antrum and OM

28
Q

What is the Cephalic phase of the stomach?

A

Before food reaching stomach

- Increased secretion

29
Q

What is the gastric phase of the stomach?

A

When the food is in the stomach - distension of the stomach and products of digestion stimulate gastrin and ACh

30
Q

What is the intestinal phase of the stomach?

A

A while after eating

Stimuli for secretion decrease and somatostatin secretion increases

31
Q

Name a muscarinic receptor antagonist?

A

Pirenzipine

32
Q

Name a H2 receptor antagonist?

A

Ranitidine

33
Q

Name a PPI?

A

Omeprazole

34
Q

What is zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Acid hypersecretion

35
Q

Describe amylose branches?

A

Alpha 1-4

36
Q

Describe amylopectin branches?

A

Alpha 1-4, alpha 1-6

37
Q

Describe glycogen branches?

A

Alpha 1-4, Alpha 1-6

38
Q

Describe Sucrose branches? What is sucrose made of?

A

Alpha 1-2 (Glucose + Fructose)

39
Q

Describe lactose branches? What is lactose made of?

A

Beta 1-4 (Glucose + Galactose)

40
Q

Is cellulose digestible or not?

A

NO

41
Q

Where does most digestion occur?

A

Enterocytes of the small intestine

42
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Luminal (Pancreatic enzmes)

Membrane (Brush border enzymes)

43
Q

What does Alpha Amylase break down?

A

Internal alpha 1-4 but not terminal so can’t make glucose

Makes maltose instead

44
Q

What does Lactase break down?

A

Lactose to glucose and galactose

45
Q

What does Sucrase break down?

A

Sucrose to glucose and fructose

GI Summary Sheets JB (27 decks)

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