Bio unit 1

Question 1

Prokaryotes bacteria

Answer 1

1st living thing on earth. 3.7 billion yrs

Question 2

Earth’s age

Answer 2

4.5 billion yrs

Question 3

Stanley miller (1953)

Answer 3

Made a model of early earth. Lead to polymerization hypothesis

Question 4

Biological system depends on molecular interaction .

Answer 4

Enzymes speed up chem rxn

Question 5

Emergent properties

Answer 5

Properties at higher level in hierarchy of life that doesn’t exist

Question 6

Hierarchy of life

Answer 6

Biological molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism
Population 
Communities
Ecosystem
Biosphere

Question 7

1. Characteristics of life

Answer 7

Composed of atoms arranged into biological molecules
-ca, hy, ox, nit, pho, sulf

-carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

Question 8

2 characteristics of life

Answer 8

Having DNA for building protein

DNA-RNA-protein-everything else

Question 9

3 characteristics of life

Answer 9

Get energy and materials from their surroundings to build biological molecules

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

All chem rxn that takes place inside a body to keep it alive

Question 11

4 characteristic of life

Answer 11

Grow and develop

Life cycle

Question 12

5 characteristics of life

Answer 12

Connected through the Natural flow of energy and materials

• matter: clyclical
• energy: unidirectional

Question 13

6 characteristics of life

Answer 13

Reproduce and pass DNA to offspring (inheritance and heredity)

Question 14

7 characteristics of life

Answer 14

Respond physically to their surroundings in order to survive

Question 15

8 characteristics of living things populations not individuals

Answer 15

Living things evolve

Question 16

Evolution

Answer 16

Darwin and wallace (British naturalist) propose it.

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

Traits

Question 18

Fitness

Answer 18

Ability to survive and reproduce

Question 19

Classification

Answer 19

Domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species

Question 20

Phylogeny

Answer 20

Evolutionary relationships

Question 21

Trace elements

Answer 21

Found in less than 1% of biological material

Question 22

Energy shells: placement

Answer 22

Orbital: pathway of movement.

1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, 2pz

Question 23

Potential energy

Answer 23

Bump up energy lanes with an energy input giving them more

Question 24

Absorb energy: away

Answer 24

Lost energy: towards nucleus

Question 25

Atomic size

Answer 25

Increased left and down

Question 26

Electro negativity

Answer 26

Up and right increase

Question 27

Tracers

Answer 27

Tagging molecule, radioactive energy | ex. idione is absorbed by thyroid

Question 28

Gregor Mendel

Answer 28

First generosity

Question 29

Fitness

Answer 29

Success in which it reaches reproductive maturity and produces an offspring.

Question 30

Competition

Answer 30

Is good for driving species toward better fitness

Question 31

4% of body

Answer 31

Mg, na, co, k, ca

Question 32

Polymerize

Answer 32

Form together to b more complex things

Question 33

isomers

Answer 33

2 molecules that contain the same number of atoms but are arranged in different ways

Question 34

0-.7

Answer 34

nonpolar

Question 35

.8-1.7

Answer 35

polar

Question 36

more than 1.7

Answer 36

ionic

Question 37

inert

Answer 37

atoms that are not reactive

Question 38

dissociate

Answer 38

break apart

Question 39

hydrogen bond

Answer 39

drew enzyme and substrate together

Question 40

water's emergent properties

Answer 40

``` -hydrogen bond cohesion adhesion -high specific heat -high heat of vaporization -unique density reversal ```

Question 41

denature

Answer 41

loss of structure in protein

Question 42

carbon

Answer 42

- median electronegativity (nonpolar bond-strong and stable)) - max # of bonding sites

Question 43

hydrocarbon

Answer 43

all nonpolar molecules with a carbon backbone

Question 44

hydroxyl

Answer 44

OH partial charge *makes biological molecule polar (carbohydrate)

Question 45

carbonal

Answer 45

C=O double polar covalent *polar (carbohydrates)

Question 46

carboxyl (carboxylic acid)

Answer 46

``` COOH COOH- H+(releases hydrogen) *polar *ionic *acidic (protein) ```

Question 47

amino

Answer 47

``` NH2 NH3+ *polar *ionic *Base: absorb hydrogen ion (protein) ```

Question 48

sulfhydryl

Answer 48

SH *nonpolar *stabilizes protein structure (protein)

Question 49

phosphate group

Answer 49

``` PO4 three oxygen with negative charges double bond with one oxygen *ionic *acidic ```

Question 50

carbonic acid/carbonate

Answer 50

prevent drastic fluxuation/changes in pH -too basic (carbonic to bicarbonic) H2CO3_HCO3- (drops H+) -too acidic (bicarbonic to carbonic) HCO3-_H2CO3 (picks up hydrogen)

Question 51

carbohydrate (release energy) sugar

Answer 51

``` monomers: monosaccharides CH20 Covalent bond: glycosidic linkage -triose: 3 carbon -pentose: 5 --hexose: 6 ```

Question 52

Lipids | energy storage, cell membrane

Answer 52

mostly nonpolar monomer: fatty acid saturated: straight steroids: fatty acid. 4 hydrocarbon rings with short fatty acid tail. (prevent cell membrane from falling apart. estrogen, testosterone)

Question 53

Lipids | polymer

Answer 53

triglyceride (fat) phydrophobic: glycerol+3 fatty acids nonpolar: ester linkage phospholipids glycerol+ 2 fatty acid+ phosphate group (hydrophilic)

Question 54

protein

Answer 54

monomers: amino acids globular shape - hydrogen - amino group - carboxyl acid - R - primary - secondary - tertiary - quaternary disulfide bridge: nonpolar btw R groups

Question 55

Nucleic Acid

Answer 55

monomers: nucleotides 5 carbon sugar Phosphate group nitrogenous base

Question 56

Polymerize

Answer 56

Form together to more complex things