Biological macromolecules

Question 1

What are the organic molecules?

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids

Question 2

What is an example of an inorganic molecule?

Answer 2

Water (H20)

Question 3

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

Answer 3

four

Question 4

What are the different arrangements of a carbon skeleton?

Answer 4

a straight chain, branched chain, and a ring

Question 5

How are new molecules made with new properties?

Answer 5

Carbon skeleton + functional group

Question 6

The prefix “syn” means what?

Answer 6

put together

Question 7

The suffix “-mer” means what?

Answer 7

unit

Question 8

What macronutrient does “-ose” belong to?

Answer 8

carbohydrates

Question 9

What is the composition of sucrose?

Answer 9

glucose + fructose

Question 10

What macromolecule does “-in” belong to?

Answer 10

proteins

Question 11

Primary structure

Answer 11

linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 12

Secondary structure

Answer 12

structural pattern within a protein that result from hydrogen bonds formed between amino acids

Question 13

Tertiary structure

Answer 13

final 3-dimension shape of a protein, which contains repeating secondary structures

Question 14

Quaternary structure

Answer 14

molecule composed of two or more separate proteins

Question 15

A change in conditions (temp, pH, vibr.) causes what?

Answer 15

protein denaturation

Question 16

Denaturation

Answer 16

loss of the functional shape

Question 17

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

Answer 17

store and transmit genetic information

Question 18

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 18

a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

Question 19

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 19

store genetic information

Question 20

What is the function of RNA?

Answer 20

transmits genetic information (put it to work)

Question 21

What do all cells require to power their activities?

Answer 21

energy

Question 22

Why is ATP necessary?

Answer 22

because other high energy molecules produce large amounts of energy in a very stable state

Question 23

What is the function of ATP?

Answer 23

allows smaller amounts of energy to be delivered and released any time a cell needs it

Question 24

Proteins are highly…..

Answer 24

folded complexes

Question 25

All amino acids are composed of what?

Answer 25

a central carbon atom, with a hydrogen atom, amino group, carboxyl group and (radical group)