Tissues

Question 1

What are the two components of tissue?

Answer 1

cells and extracellular matrix

Question 2

Epithelial tissue

Answer 2

covers surfaces and lines cavities

Question 3

Function of epithelial tissue

Answer 3

protection

Question 4

What can epithelial tissue form?

Answer 4

glands

Question 5

Gland’s function

Answer 5

secretion

Question 6

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

• tightly packed cells (little ECM)
• polar (has distinct opposite sides)
• avascular
• extensive innervation (to detect stimuli)
• high regeneration capacity (rich in stem cells)

Question 7

What components make up the structure of epithelial tissue?

Answer 7

apical surface, lateral surface, basal surface, and basement membrane

Question 8

Apical surfaces can sometimes carry what?

Answer 8

projections

Question 9

What are the kinds of projection attached to the apical surface of epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

microvilli and cilia

Question 10

Microvilli

Answer 10

membrane folds that increase surface area

Question 11

Cilia

Answer 11

hair-like structures for movement

Question 12

Lateral surface

Answer 12

contains intercellular junctions

Question 13

Basal surface

Answer 13

bound to the basement membrane

Question 14

Basement membrane

Answer 14

supportive layer rich in collagen and other fibers

Question 15

How is epithelial tissue layered from top to bottom?

Answer 15

• apical surface
• lateral surface
• basal surface
• basement membrane
• connective tissue

Question 16

Avascular

Answer 16

a lack of blood vessels

Question 17

Extensive innervation

Answer 17

abundant in nerves

Question 18

Stem cells

Answer 18

stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells.

Question 19

What does “apical” mean?

Answer 19

top

Question 20

What does “lateral” mean?

Answer 20

side

Question 21

How is epithelial tissue classified?

Answer 21

two-part name consisting of:
- number of strata
- cell shape

Question 22

What does “strata” mean?

Answer 22

layer

Question 23

What are the types of epithelial strata?

Answer 23

simple, stratified, and pseudostratified

Question 24

Simple ET

Answer 24

• one layer

Question 25

Stratified ET

Answer 25

- more than one layer

Question 26

Pseudostratified ET

Answer 26

fake layered; one layer that looks like more than one

Question 27

Simple ET function

Answer 27

transport

Question 28

Stratified ET function

Answer 28

withstand stress

Question 29

What are the types of epithelial cell shapes?

Answer 29

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional

Question 30

Transitional

Answer 30

changes shape in response to stretching

Question 31

What type of epithelium is transitional epithelial tissue?

Answer 31

stratified

Question 32

What are the two types of glands?

Answer 32

endocrine and exocrine

Question 33

Endocrine glands

Answer 33

secrete hormones into the blood

Question 34

Exocrine glands

Answer 34

glands that secrete substances on to an epithelial surface by means of a duct

Question 35

How are exocrine glands classified?

Answer 35

by method of secretion

Question 36

What are the three types of exocrine glands?

Answer 36

merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine

Question 37

Merocrine

Answer 37

package their secretions into secretory vesicles and release the secretions by exocytosis

Question 38

What are examples of merocrine glands?

Answer 38

tear glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, etc.

Question 39

Apocrine glands

Answer 39

produces secretion by/when pinching off of the apical surface of the cell

Question 40

What are examples of apocrine glands?

Answer 40

mammary glands

Question 41

Holocrine

Answer 41

secretion is produced by the destruction of the cell; the disintegrating cells become the secretion

Question 42

What are examples of holocrine glands?

Answer 42

oil-producing glands

Question 43

What are the components of connective tissue?

Answer 43

cells (dispersed) and extracellular matrix (a lot)

Question 44

What are two major components of the ECM in connective tissue?

Answer 44

ground substance and protein fibers

Question 45

Ground substance

Answer 45

holds the connective tissue components

Question 46

What are the types of protein fibers?

Answer 46

collagen, reticular and elastic

Question 47

Collagen fibers

Answer 47

thick and strong

Question 48

Reticular fibers

Answer 48

thin, branching net/networks

Question 49

Elastic fibers

Answer 49

thin wavy fibers that stretch and recoil easily

Question 50

Fibroblast CT

Answer 50

produce fiber and ground substance of ECM

Question 51

Mesenchymal CT

Answer 51

embryonic stem cell that divide to replace damaged cells

Question 52

Fixed macrophages CT

Answer 52

ear damaged cells or pathogens (immune cells)

Question 53

Adipocyte CT

Answer 53

store fat

Question 54

Adipocyte function

Answer 54

long term energy storage

Question 55

What does -"cyte" mean?

Answer 55

cell/mature cell

Question 56

What is the origin of connective tissue?

Answer 56

mesenchyme (embryonic CT)

Question 57

What are the three classifications of CT?

Answer 57

- connective tissue proper - supporting connective tissue - fluid connective tissue

Question 58

What are the two types of CT proper?

Answer 58

loose and dense

Question 59

Loose CT

Answer 59

less fibers, more ground space

Question 60

Dense CT

Answer 60

more fibers, less ground space

Question 61

What are the types of loose CT?

Answer 61

areolar, reticular, and adipose

Question 62

What are the types of dense CT?

Answer 62

elastic, regular, and irregular

Question 63

Areolar CT

Answer 63

"airy"

Question 64

Reticular CT

Answer 64

"net/network"

Question 65

Adipose CT

Answer 65

"fat bubbles"

Question 66

Elastic CT

Answer 66

"wavy"

Question 67

Regular CT

Answer 67

all going in the same direction

Question 68

Irregular CT

Answer 68

randomly arranged; in different directions

Question 69

What are the two types of supporting CT?

Answer 69

cartilage and bone

Question 70

Cartilage

Answer 70

semisolid rubbery matrix with chondrocytes

Question 71

Bone

Answer 71

solid hard matrix with osteocytes

Question 72

What is responsible for bones hardness?

Answer 72

CA2+/calcium

Question 73

What are the types of cartilage CT?

Answer 73

hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

Question 74

Hyaline

Answer 74

"glassy"

Question 75

Fibrocartilage

Answer 75

thick and moving in the same directions

Question 76

Elastic

Answer 76

"branching network"

Question 77

What are the types of bone CT?

Answer 77

compact and spongy

Question 78

What are the two types of fluid CT?

Answer 78

blood and lymph

Question 79

Blood

Answer 79

fluid matrix, called plasma with suspended: - erythrocytes - leukocytes - thrombocytes

Question 80

Lymph

Answer 80

fluid matrix with very few cells, and mostly leukocytes

Question 81

What are the structures suspended in blood?

Answer 81

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

Question 82

Erythrocytes

Answer 82

red blood cells

Question 83

Leukocytes

Answer 83

white blood cells

Question 84

Thrombocytes

Answer 84

platelets

Question 85

Lacunae

Answer 85

the small cavity containing an osteocyte in bone, or a chondrocyte in cartilage

Question 86

Muscle tissue function

Answer 86

contraction (movement)

Question 87

What are the types of muscle tissue?

Answer 87

skeletal m., cardiac m., and smooth tissue

Question 88

Where is smooth muscular tissue found?

Answer 88

lining the walls of internal organs

Question 89

Nervous tissue function

Answer 89

signaling (communication)

Question 90

What are the two types of nervous tissue?

Answer 90

neurons and glial cells

Question 91

Neurons function

Answer 91

signaling

Question 92

Glial function

Answer 92

support