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Joint (articulations) Flashcards

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1
Q

Joint (articulation)

A

places of contact between skeletal components

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2
Q

What are the three types of structural classifications of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints

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3
Q

Fibrous joints are made up of what kind of tissue?

A

dense connective tissue

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4
Q

Cartilaginous joints are made up of what kind of tissue?

A

cartilage

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5
Q

Synovial joints are made up of what?

A

synovial fluid

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6
Q

What are the kinds of fibrous joints?

A

gomphosis, suture, and syndesmosis

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7
Q

What does “syn-“ mean?

A

together

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8
Q

What does “desmo-“ mean?

A

bind

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9
Q

Gomphosis j. is like what?

A

“bolt in the socket”

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10
Q

Suture j. is like what?

A

“interlocking seams”

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11
Q

Syndesmosis j. is like what?

A

“binding sheets”

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12
Q

What is an example of gomphosis joint?

A

teeth/tooth

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13
Q

What is an example of suture joint?

A

flat skull bones

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14
Q

What is an example of syndesmosis joint?

A

between the radius and ulna, and between the tibia and fibula

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15
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondrosis hyaline cartilage and symphysis

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16
Q

Symphysis

A

pads of fibrocartilage

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17
Q

What does “sym-“ mean?

A

together

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18
Q

What is an example of synchondrosis hyaline cartilage?

A

1st sternalcostal joint

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19
Q

What is an example of symphysis?

A

the pubic symphysis

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20
Q

Synovial joint

A

allows for movement

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21
Q

What are the elements of a synovial joint?

A
  • fibrous layer
  • synovial membrane
  • joint cavity
  • articular cartilage
  • ligament
  • articular capsule
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22
Q

Order of synovial joint elements from superficial to deep

A
  • ligament
  • fibrous layer
  • synovial membrane
  • joint cavity
  • articular cartilage
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23
Q

Fibrous layer function

A

binding

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24
Q

Synovial membrane function

A

produces synovial fluid

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25
Synovial fluid function
- lubricant - shock absorber - nourishing substance
26
Joint cavity
contains the synovial fluid
27
Articular cartilage function
shock absorber and protector
28
ligament function
stabilize and strength
29
The articular capsule contains what?
fibrous layer and synovial membrane
30
What other structures are found in a synovial joint?
sensory nerves, blood vessels, and tendons
31
Sensory nerves function
detect stimuli
32
What kinds of nerves are found in synovial joints?
nociceptors and proprioceptors
33
Nociceptors
detect pain stimuli
34
Proprioceptors
detect/report on movement, stretch, and body POSITION
35
Blood vessels function
supply surrounding tissues
36
Tendon function
while attaching the muscle to the bone help to stabilize the joints
37
What are the six kinds of joint movement?
- Anterior-posterior plane (sagittal) - Lateral-medial plane (coronal) - Transverse plane - Odd - Only for the hand - Only for the foot
38
What movements move through the anterior-posterior plane?
flexion, extension, and hyperextension
39
Flexion
moves down the angle between the bones
40
Extension
moves up the angle between the bones
41
Hyperextension
when the bones are extended more than 180 degrees
42
What movements move through the lateral-medial plane?
abduction, adduction, and circumduction
43
Abduction
moves away from the midline
44
Adduction
moves towards the midline
45
Circumduction
produces cone shaped movement
46
What are the Odd joint movements?
- depression vs. elevation - protraction vs. retraction
47
Depression
down
48
Elevation
up
49
Protraction
forward movement
50
Retraction
back movement
51
What are the joint movements that only apply to the hands?
- pronation vs. supination - opposition v. reposition
52
What are examples of depression vs. elevation?
shoulders moving up and down
53
What are examples of protraction vs. retraction?
sticking your chin out and pulling it back in
54
What movements move through the transverse plane?
lateral rotation and medial rotation
55
Lateral rotation
turn laterally along the longitudinal axis
56
Medial rotation
turns medially along the longitudinal axis
57
What is an example of transverse plane movements?
turning your head left and right and back to the center
58
What is an example of anterior-posterior movements?
moving your hand up and down and back to the center without moving your wrist
59
What is an example of lateral-medial movements?
moving you legs out away from the side (left or right) of your body and back
60
Supination
rotating the hands forward or upward
61
Pronation
rotating the hands back or downward
62
Opposition
thumb towards tips of fingers
63
Repostition
opposite/regular hand postition
64
What is an example opposition?
touching you thumb to your index finger
65
What are the joint movements that only apply to the foot?
- dorsiflexion vs. plantar flexion - inversion vs. eversion
66
Dorsiflexion
"digging in heels" or flexing your foot upward
67
Plantar flexion
"tiptoeing" or flexing your foot downward
68
Inversion
sole is medial or faced inward
69
Eversion
sole if lateral or faced outward

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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