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Anatomy & Physiology > Joint (articulations) > Flashcards

Joint (articulations) Flashcards

1
Q

Joint (articulation)

A

places of contact between skeletal components

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2
Q

What are the three types of structural classifications of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints

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3
Q

Fibrous joints are made up of what kind of tissue?

A

dense connective tissue

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4
Q

Cartilaginous joints are made up of what kind of tissue?

A

cartilage

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5
Q

Synovial joints are made up of what?

A

synovial fluid

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6
Q

What are the kinds of fibrous joints?

A

gomphosis, suture, and syndesmosis

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7
Q

What does “syn-“ mean?

A

together

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8
Q

What does “desmo-“ mean?

A

bind

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9
Q

Gomphosis j. is like what?

A

“bolt in the socket”

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10
Q

Suture j. is like what?

A

“interlocking seams”

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11
Q

Syndesmosis j. is like what?

A

“binding sheets”

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12
Q

What is an example of gomphosis joint?

A

teeth/tooth

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13
Q

What is an example of suture joint?

A

flat skull bones

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14
Q

What is an example of syndesmosis joint?

A

between the radius and ulna, and between the tibia and fibula

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15
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondrosis hyaline cartilage and symphysis

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16
Q

Symphysis

A

pads of fibrocartilage

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17
Q

What does “sym-“ mean?

A

together

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18
Q

What is an example of synchondrosis hyaline cartilage?

A

1st sternalcostal joint

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19
Q

What is an example of symphysis?

A

the pubic symphysis

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20
Q

Synovial joint

A

allows for movement

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21
Q

What are the elements of a synovial joint?

A
  • fibrous layer
  • synovial membrane
  • joint cavity
  • articular cartilage
  • ligament
  • articular capsule
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22
Q

Order of synovial joint elements from superficial to deep

A
  • ligament
  • fibrous layer
  • synovial membrane
  • joint cavity
  • articular cartilage
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23
Q

Fibrous layer function

A

binding

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24
Q

Synovial membrane function

A

produces synovial fluid

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25
Q

Synovial fluid function

A
  • lubricant
  • shock absorber
  • nourishing substance
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26
Q

Joint cavity

A

contains the synovial fluid

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27
Q

Articular cartilage function

A

shock absorber and protector

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28
Q

ligament function

A

stabilize and strength

29
Q

The articular capsule contains what?

A

fibrous layer and synovial membrane

30
Q

What other structures are found in a synovial joint?

A

sensory nerves, blood vessels, and tendons

31
Q

Sensory nerves function

A

detect stimuli

32
Q

What kinds of nerves are found in synovial joints?

A

nociceptors and proprioceptors

33
Q

Nociceptors

A

detect pain stimuli

34
Q

Proprioceptors

A

detect/report on movement, stretch, and body POSITION

35
Q

Blood vessels function

A

supply surrounding tissues

36
Q

Tendon function

A

while attaching the muscle to the bone help to stabilize the joints

37
Q

What are the six kinds of joint movement?

A
  • Anterior-posterior plane (sagittal)
  • Lateral-medial plane (coronal)
  • Transverse plane
  • Odd
  • Only for the hand
  • Only for the foot
38
Q

What movements move through the anterior-posterior plane?

A

flexion, extension, and hyperextension

39
Q

Flexion

A

moves down the angle between the bones

40
Q

Extension

A

moves up the angle between the bones

41
Q

Hyperextension

A

when the bones are extended more than 180 degrees

42
Q

What movements move through the lateral-medial plane?

A

abduction, adduction, and circumduction

43
Q

Abduction

A

moves away from the midline

44
Q

Adduction

A

moves towards the midline

45
Q

Circumduction

A

produces cone shaped movement

46
Q

What are the Odd joint movements?

A
  • depression vs. elevation
  • protraction vs. retraction
47
Q

Depression

A

down

48
Q

Elevation

A

up

49
Q

Protraction

A

forward movement

50
Q

Retraction

A

back movement

51
Q

What are the joint movements that only apply to the hands?

A
  • pronation vs. supination
  • opposition v. reposition
52
Q

What are examples of depression vs. elevation?

A

shoulders moving up and down

53
Q

What are examples of protraction vs. retraction?

A

sticking your chin out and pulling it back in

54
Q

What movements move through the transverse plane?

A

lateral rotation and medial rotation

55
Q

Lateral rotation

A

turn laterally along the longitudinal axis

56
Q

Medial rotation

A

turns medially along the longitudinal axis

57
Q

What is an example of transverse plane movements?

A

turning your head left and right and back to the center

58
Q

What is an example of anterior-posterior movements?

A

moving your hand up and down and back to the center without moving your wrist

59
Q

What is an example of lateral-medial movements?

A

moving you legs out away from the side (left or right) of your body and back

60
Q

Supination

A

rotating the hands forward or upward

61
Q

Pronation

A

rotating the hands back or downward

62
Q

Opposition

A

thumb towards tips of fingers

63
Q

Repostition

A

opposite/regular hand postition

64
Q

What is an example opposition?

A

touching you thumb to your index finger

65
Q

What are the joint movements that only apply to the foot?

A
  • dorsiflexion vs. plantar flexion
  • inversion vs. eversion
66
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

“digging in heels” or flexing your foot upward

67
Q

Plantar flexion

A

“tiptoeing” or flexing your foot downward

68
Q

Inversion

A

sole is medial or faced inward

69
Q

Eversion

A

sole if lateral or faced outward

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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