Cell Division/Cell Aging and Death

Question 1

What are the three stages of interphase?

Answer 1

G1, S, and G2

Question 2

G1

Answer 2

growth and preparation for DNA replication

Question 3

S phase (synthesis)

Answer 3

DNA replication

Question 4

G2

Answer 4

growth and preparation for division of DNA

Question 5

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 5

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 6

Prophase

Answer 6

• nucleus breaks
• chromatin coils up into chromosome
• spindle fibers appear

Question 7

Metaphase

Answer 7

• chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 8

Anaphase

Answer 8

• chromatid begins moving apart towards the cell’s poles

Question 9

Telophase

Answer 9

• Chromosomes begin to relax
• Cleavage is formed
• Nucleus is reformed

Question 10

What does “pro-“ mean?

Answer 10

prepare

Question 11

What does “meta-“ mean?

Answer 11

middle

Question 12

What does “telo-“ mean?

Answer 12

end

Question 13

Which to cell cycle phases overlap?

Answer 13

cytokinesis and telophase

Question 14

DNA replication is also known as what?

Answer 14

DNA synthesis

Question 15

DNA replication steps

Answer 15

1. Parent DNA
2. Parent strands unzipped
3. Complementary strands synthesized
4. 2 “sister” DNA copies
5. Chromosome

Question 16

What are the parts of a chromosome?

Answer 16

2 sister chromatids and centromere

Question 17

Chromatids

Answer 17

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division.

Question 18

What does each chromatid contain?

Answer 18

a double helix of DNA

Question 19

Centromere

Answer 19

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach

Question 20

What does DNA replication require?

Answer 20

regulatory proteins

Question 21

What is an example of regulatory proteins?

Answer 21

DNA polymerase matches with 50 nucleotides

Question 22

What do occasional mistakes in DNA replication?

Answer 22

mutations

Question 23

Mutations

Answer 23

random changes in DNA

Question 24

The cell cycle is typically what kind of process?

Answer 24

highly controlled

Question 25

What is the result of disrupted cell regulation?

Answer 25

uncontrolled division

Question 26

What is the result of uncontrolled division?

Answer 26

tumors

Question 27

What are the two kinds of tumors?

Answer 27

benign and malignant

Question 28

Benign tumors (noncancerous)

Answer 28

tend to grow slowly and do not spread

Question 29

Malignant tumors (cancerous)

Answer 29

can grow rapidly, invade and destroy nearby normal tissues, and spread throughout the body

Question 30

What are the two types of cell death?

Answer 30

necrosis and apoptosis

Question 31

Necrosis

Answer 31

killed ny harmful agents/mechanical damage

Question 32

What is the problem with necrosis?

Answer 32

with cellular lysis, the messy contents of the cell spills into the body

Question 33

Cellular lysis causes what?

Answer 33

inflammation (swelling, redness, and pain)

Question 34

Apoptosis

Answer 34

programmed cell death

Question 35

What are the goals of apoptosis?

Answer 35

removal of damaged cells and normal development

Question 36

What is an example of apoptosis’s role in normal development?

Answer 36

removing the tail of the human embryo

Question 37

What are the steps involved in apoptosis?

Answer 37

1. destruction of DNA/organelles
2. breaking into vesicles so that the contents doe not spill

Question 38

What happens to the contents in the vesicles formed in apoptosis?

Answer 38

it is recycled by macrophages

Question 39

What does “-phage” mean?

Answer 39

eat