Biology - Excretion

Question 1

what is the difference between excretion and elimination?

Answer 1

excretion is the removable of metabolic waste and elimination is the removal of indigestible materials

Question 2

what are the metabolic products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

what are the metabolic products of deamination in the liver?

Answer 3

urea, ammonia (nitrogenous waste)

Question 4

how do water soluble waste get excreted in protozoans and cnidarians?

Answer 4

simple diffusion through the cell membrane

Question 5

how do paramecium (a type of protozoa) maintain their volume and pressure?

Answer 5

contractile vacuole excretes water that is pumped in from the freshwater environment with energy

Question 6

how is carbon dioxide excreted from annelids?

Answer 6

through the skin

Question 7

what is a nephridia in an annelid?

Answer 7

excretes water, salt, urea

Question 8

how is carbon dioxide excreted from arthropods/insects?

Answer 8

it transports to trachea which connect to external environments via spiracles

Question 9

what are nitrogenous waste products excreted as in arthropods? why?

Answer 9

uric acid crystals; it conserves water

Question 10

what do the lungs excrete in humans?

Answer 10

carbon dioxide and water vapor; they are pumped from the blood into the alveoli to be excreted with exhalation

Question 11

what does the skin excrete?

Answer 11

water, salt and urea (small amounts)

Question 12

what does the liver excrete?

Answer 12

nitrogenous waste, blood pigments and chemicals

Question 13

what is the main area that excretes urea?

Answer 13

kidney

Question 14

what part of the body maintains osmolarity of blood?

Answer 14

kidney

Question 15

what does the kidney regulate?

Answer 15

the water and salt concentration of the blood

Question 16

3 areas of the kidney:

Answer 16

outer cortex, inner medulla and renal pelvis

Question 17

what the the Bowman’s capsule? what does it contain?

Answer 17

it contains a glomerulus; bowman’s capsule leads into the different loops and tubes of the kidney

Question 18

4 functional units of the kidney?

Answer 18

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

Question 19

what part of the nephron does the loop of henle run through?

Answer 19

the medulla

Question 20

what part of the nephron do the convoluted tubules and Bowman’s capsule run through?

Answer 20

the cortex

Question 21

what surrounds the nephron?

Answer 21

the peritubular capillary network

Question 22

how much of the blood plans in the glomerulus is forced through the capillary walls and into the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 22

20%

Question 23

is the filtrate in the nephron isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic to the blood plasma?

Answer 23

isotonic

Question 24

what drives the process of filtration in urine formation?

Answer 24

hydrostatic pressure of blood

Question 25

t or f? the nephron secretes harmful substances like K+, phosphate, acids and bases from the interstitial fluid into the filtrate via active and passive transport?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

what is reabsorbed from the filtrate into the blood during urine formation?

Answer 26

glucose, salt, amino acid and water

Question 27

what does reabsorption take place during urine formation?

Answer 27

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 28

is reabsorption active or passive?

Answer 28

active

Question 29

is the urine isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic to the blood?

Answer 29

hypertonic

Question 30

does tissue osmolarity increase or decrease from cortex to medulla?

Answer 30

increase

Question 31

what is the countercurrent-multiplier system?

Answer 31

is allows for the most concentrated urine to be formed

Question 32

is the medulla of the kidney hyperosmolar or hypoosmoolar to the filtrate in the collecting tube?

Answer 32

hyperosmolar

Question 33

how does water flow out of the collecting tubules?

Answer 33

osmosis

Question 34

what hormone regulates the permeability of the collecting tubules?

Answer 34

ADH (vasopressin)

Question 35

does the presence of ADH increase or decrease the concentration of urine?

Answer 35

increases (allow for more water to be reabsorbed)

Question 36

how do plants get rid of water vapor?

Answer 36

transpiration from stomates

Question 37

how are carbon dioxide and water diffused out of plants?

Answer 37

diffusion through stomates and lenticels