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Biology Test 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Unicellular?

A

Single celled life

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1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability of organisms to regulate internal conditions despite change in external conditions.

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2
Q

Multicellular?

A

Many celled

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3
Q

Energy

A

The ability to get work done

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4
Q

How do things get energy

A

From either photosynthesis or eating a photosynthesized thing

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5
Q

What is a consumer?

A

One that eats producers to get energy

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6
Q

What is a producer?

A

One that uses photosynthesis to obtain energy

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7
Q

adaptation?

A

A trait that allows an organism to better survive in its environment

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8
Q

Example of adaptation

A

Camouflage

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9
Q

What are the different types of reproduction?

A

Sexual & Asexual

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10
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Needs another organism to reproduce

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11
Q

Asexual Reproduction?

A

When a cell or life form splits into two

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12
Q

What’re the characteristics of life?

A 
Homeostasis 
Organized of Cells
Growth
Stimulus Response 
Energy Required 
Adaptation to Environment
Reproduce 
Die
Excrete 
Require water
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13
Q

Formula of Glucose?

A

C6H12O6

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14
Q

Cell energy formula

A

6CO2 + 6H2O

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15
Q

Who created the first microscope?

A

Anton von Leewenhoek

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16
Q

What were the first molecules observed from?

A

Pond water

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17
Q

What were the things in pond water originally called?

A

Animalcules

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18
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

No nuclei. DNA is not separated from the ret of the cell. Usually unicellular

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19
Q

What is a Eukaryote?

A

Contains nucleus that separates DNA from the rest if the cell. Mostly multicellular

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20
Q

What was disproved in 1827

A

Sperm isn’t tiny babies

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21
Q

What did Robert Hooke observe a thin slice of?

A

Cork

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22
Q

Who named cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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23
Q

State the Cell Theory

A

The generalization that all living things are composed of cells and that cells are the basic unit of structure

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24
Theodar Schwann
Animals are made up of cells
25
Mathais Schlieden
Plants are made up of cells
26
Rudolf Virchow
Cells come from cells
27
What is diffusion?
The tendency for molecules to spread out into available space
28
What happens to your blood cell if there is too much water in your blood?
The sellable gain water, swell and explode
29
What is an active transport?
Transport that requires energy
30
What are some of the requirements to move molecules?
Energy, and a doorway
31
What is exocytosis?
Process of materials inside the cell being released outside the cell
32
What is passive cellular transport?
Transport of materials in or out of the so that does not require cell energy
33
What does selectively permeable mean?
Allows some substances to cross the membrane more easily than others and it blocks the passage of some substances altogether
34
Osmosis?
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
35
Hypertonic?
More solute
36
Hypotonic?
Less solute
37
Facilitated diffusion?
The movement of a molecule through a membrane protein from high to low concentration
38
Transport proteins?
Integral proteins that allow materials to pass through the membranes
39
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Energy used – electron Magnification - 100,000 Used for - surfaces (3D) This advantage – requires a vacuum chamber & can't see inside
40
Stereo microscope (SM)
Used for - seeing surfaces of multicellular structures (like skin) in classrooms study cells and parts. Disadvantages - and not see within specimen low magnification Magnification - 30x
41
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Energy used - electron Magnification - 300,000 Used for - seeing inside Diadvantages – produces flat image. Kills specimen
42
Compound light microscope (CM)
Magnification - 3000X Disadvantages - limited resolution Energy - light Used for - 3d image
43
What is the function of plasma membranes?
And bring separates the interior of a cell from the outside environment
44
Where is the nucleus located?
The center of the cell
45
Cytosol
Solution of water, ions and macromolecules
46
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Holds most organelles
47
What is the function of the cytoskeleton
I support, maintains the shape of the cell, hold many organelles in place, can hope the sound booth.
48
Is the cytoskeleton made of?
Fiberous proteins
49
Can ribosomes be found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Yes
50
What is the Golgi body/apparatus
Stack of flat membrane sacks
51
Describe the Golgi and ER interact
The ER has ribosomes that produce proteins. Proteins are then transported to the Goldy apparatus where post transport modifications occur
52
What is the middle lamella
Holds together the primary ball and the secondary wall in plant cells
53
What does fluid Mosaic mean?
It is called Mosaic because the proteins are embedded in that phospholipids like a mosaic and fluid because Helaire itself is somewhat fluid
54
How do membranes help with a cell communication and with the transport of materials?
Membranes regulate the transport of substances
55
Chloroplast
The organelle that shops light and converts it to chlorophyll
56
What is the structure of chloroplasts?
Contains own DNA, two outer membrane sacks inner green sacs/powerpacks
57
What is the function of mitochondria
Turn the sugar into ATP (sell energy) in a process called cellular respiration
58
What are the similarities and differences of cilia and flagella?
They are both cell organelles. Structural early similar, cilia are short and there are more of them but flagella are longer and there are fewer of them
59
How does the cytoskeleton help the amoeba move?
Cytoskeleton when rebuilds will cause the cell to move
60
Phosphate head?
Hydrophilic
61
Phospholipid Byler
Two tales made of fatty acid. Hydrophobic tails
62
Cholesterol
Used to help keep the membrane fluid like/liquid
63
Carbohydrate tags attached on outside
Used as identification
64
Properties allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through a membrane
If they are tiny and have no charge
65
What is diffusion?
The tendency for molecules to spread out into available space
66
What is equilibrium?
The state when the concentration of a molecule is the same through the environment but the molecules don't stop moving
67
Facilitated
Uses protein (doorway)
68
Osmosis
Diffusion of water
69
Millimeters 2 micrometers
1000 mm in one micrometer
70
How do you find the magnification?
Eye piece times objective
71
Nucleus
Stores DNA which tells the cell what to do
72
What is the dark region of the nucleus
Nucleolus (extra DNA) place where ribosomes are made
73
What is the function of the Golgi body
Modifies stuff from lipids and proteins and adds chemicals and folds
74
Lysosomes
& To fill the socks used to digest materials
75
Vesicles
Carries from rough ER to the Golgi
76
What is the thing that is made up of cellulose and is found outside the cell membrane implants
Cell wall
77
Being shaped organelle that burns glucose and stores energy is ATP
Mitochondria

Biology (15 decks)

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