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Metabolism and Pathology > Biosynthesis Of Triacilglycerol And Phospholipids > Flashcards

Biosynthesis Of Triacilglycerol And Phospholipids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin molecule of triacylglycerol and phospholipids?

A

Glycerol 3 phosphate

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2
Q

In which ways we can get glycerol 3 phosphate?

A

Glycolysis and glyceroneogeneisis

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3
Q

What is the origin product of Glyceroneogenesis?

A

pyruvate, alanine, glutamine

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4
Q

In which tissues glycerol kinase is present

A

Kidneys and liver

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5
Q

Does glycerol kinase appear in fat cells

A

No

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6
Q

What is phosphatidic acid?

A

Phosphatated glycerol with 2 added fatty acids

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7
Q

What is the name of glycerol with 2 fatty acids on it

A

Phosphotidic acid

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8
Q

Are there phospholipids that are not based on glycerol?

A

Yes

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9
Q

When we have rapid growth of cells, what do we need more - phospholipids or triacylglycerol?

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

Which enzyme turns phosphatidic acid to 1,2 di acilglycerol

A

Phosphatidic acid phosphates

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11
Q

What is the main regulation over the process of building triacylglycerol

A

Level of sugar in our blood

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12
Q

Which processes insulin accelerates (Regarding to Acetyl CoA)

A

Turning pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

turning acetyl Co-A to fatty acids

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13
Q

What can be the Origin of acetal coa

A

Glucose and ketogenic amino acids

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14
Q

People with diabetes can’t (regarding to fats)

A

Store fats

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15
Q

Why can’t diabetes store fats

A

Because lack of oxaleacetale disable insertion of acetal coa to Krebs cycle

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16
Q

How many carbons are there in cholesterol

A

27

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17
Q

How many rings are there in the cholesterol molecule

A

4

18
Q

Does cholesterol has hydrophilic part?

A

Yes, one Hydroxyl (OH) group

19
Q

For which purposes cholesterol is needed?

A

Build membranes and produce essential materials from it

20
Q

How many Acetyl Co-A molecules initiates building of cholesterol

A

3

21
Q

What is the second product in the clidesterd building process

A

Mevalonate

22
Q

What is the third product in the cholesterol building process

A

Isoprene (activated)

23
Q

What is the form of Squalene

A

Linear

24
Q

Which enzyme actives the committed step in the production of cholesterol

A

HMG Co-A reductase

25
Q

Where most of the cholesterol is produced in our body

A

liver cytosol

26
Q

How phosphates effect Hmg coa reductase?

A

Inactivates it

27
Q

How high levels of cholesterol in the cells effect production of cholesterol?

A

Inactivation of Hmg coa reductase

28
Q

How high levels of cholesterol in liver cells effect HMG coa reductase?

A

It is degraded by proteolise of ubiquitin

29
Q

What is cholesteryl ester?

A

Form of storage for surpass cholesterol

30
Q

How a disease of surpass cholesterol is called

A

Hypercholesterolemia

31
Q

Which enzyme statins holds back?

A

Hmg coa reductase

32
Q

How statins lower the level of cholesterol in the blood

A
  • Less cholesterol is produced

- More cholesterol absorbed by the receptors on the cells

33
Q

Which element is harm in the familial hypercholesterolemia gets harmed

A

LDL receptor

34
Q

Which enzyme turns cholesterol to cholesteryl Esther?

A

ACAT (acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase)

35
Q

Which hormone is produced from cholesterol?

A

Progesterone
Testosterone
Cortisol

36
Q

What is the origin product of testosterone?

A

Progesterone

37
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Regulates reabsorbtion of Na+, cl-, HCO3 in the kidney

38
Q

What is the backbone of spingolipids?

A

Sphingosine

39
Q

How spingosine is different from glycerol?

A

Has another amine group and chain of 15 Carbons with double bond

40
Q

What is the committed step of producing spinogolipids?

A

The step that catalyzed by serine palmitoyil coa transferase

Metabolism and Pathology (28 decks)

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