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Metabolism and Pathology > Bisynthesis Of Lipids - A > Flashcards

Bisynthesis Of Lipids - A Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first step in biosynthesis of fatty acids

A

Carboxylation

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2
Q

What is the name of the enzyme one that perform the first step of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

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3
Q

Which co factor is used by acetyl CoA carboxylase

A

Biotin (b7)

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4
Q

What is the symbol of biotin?

A

B7

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5
Q

What is the product of the first step of fatty acids bio-synthesis

A

Malonyl- CoA (c3)

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6
Q

What are the names of 2 binding sites which the biotin acts upon?

A

1) biotin carboxylase

2) trans carboxylase

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7
Q

Which functionality happens in the biotin carboxylate site?

A

Fixation of CO2 molecule that comes from bicarbonat

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8
Q

How many subunits are there in acetyl CoA Carboxylase in bacteria ?

A

3

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9
Q

How many domains are there in the Animal acetyl CoA carboxylase?

A

3

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10
Q

Which process is similar to the first step of fatty acid synthesis (from the POV of adding carbons to the chain)?

A

First step of gluconeogenesis

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11
Q

The first step of fatty acid synthesis is catalyzed by acetal CoA carboxylate which enzyme performs same reaction in gluconeogenesis?

A

Pyruvate carboxylase

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12
Q

In plants, which type of acetal carboxilase is there- Animal or bacteria

A

Both

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13
Q

Which functional group is the center of the carboxylase mechanism?

A

Methyl group

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14
Q

How many carbons are added in every in fatty acids synthesis?

A

2 Carbons

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15
Q

In the beginning of building the fatty acid, which 2 groups do we add to fatty acid synthase (FAS)?

A

Acetal coa and malonyl coa

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16
Q

In which type of bond fatty acid synthase is linked to malonyl CoA and acetyl CoA?

A

Thio-ester bond

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17
Q

Where does building fatty acids in the cell happens

A

In the cytosol

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18
Q

How many carbons are on the final fatty acid

A

16

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19
Q

What is the name of the final fatty acid that is been synthase

A

Palmitate

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20
Q

To which domain on fatty acid synthase malonyl coA is been bonded?

A

Acyl carrier protein

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21
Q

Over the fatty acid synthase,(fas), on which toren does the fatty acid elongates?

A

The shorter one

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22
Q

Which 2 processes occurs over the FAS?

A

transport the fatty acid to the short part

add malonyl CoA to the longer part

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23
Q

Which enzyme is needed to release the palmitate?

A

Thioesterase

24
Q

To which part of the acyl carrier protein of fatty acid synthase, melonyl CoA is bonded

A

To the sulfur atom of the cystein

25
Q

In animals, how many genes encode or fatty acid synthase?

A

1

26
Q

In plant and bacteria how many genes encode or fatty acid synthase?

A

7

27
Q

How many ATP molecules we should invest for each fatty acid chain?

A

23 ATP molecules

28
Q

By which 2 ways it is possible to produce acetal coa?

A

1) glycolysis

2) ketogenic amino acids

29
Q

How can we make acetal coa through glycolysis?

A

Glucose to pyruvate to acetal coa

30
Q

From which type of amino acid we can make acetal coa

A

Ketogenic amino acids

31
Q

Is there a transporter that can shift acetal coa from the mitochondria to the cytosol?

A

No

32
Q

How can we transport acetal coa from the mitochondria to the cyftosol?

A

Connect it to oxaloacetate, and send it with citrate, with a shuttle

33
Q

Does pyruvate was the ability to move from cytosol tomitochondria?

A

Yes

34
Q

What are the 2 ways to get NADPH?

A
  1. when Malate turns into pyruvate

2. from phosphopentose pathway

35
Q

What is the reactant in the phosphopentose pathway

A

Glucose 6 phosphate

36
Q

What is the product of the phosphopentose pathway?

A

Ribulose 5 phosphate

37
Q

What is the ratio between NADPH/NADP+ in the cytosol?

A

75

38
Q

What is the ratio between NADH/NAD+ in the cytosol?

A

1/1000

39
Q

What is the reductive force of process of fatty acids bio synthesis

A

Nadph

40
Q

What is the reductive force of process of fatty acids bio degradation

A

NADH FADH2

41
Q

Which process is the most regulated in fatty acid biosynthesis?

A

From acetal coa to melonyl coa

42
Q

Which type of regulation the insulin does regarding to fatty acid bio synthesis?

A

Positive regulation

43
Q

How does glucagone regulates synthesis of fatty acids?

A

Phosphorylation and de-activation of acetal coa carboxylate

44
Q

When ACC is polymerized, is he active/inactive

A

Active

45
Q

What are the allosteric regulations over fatty acids synthesis?

A

A lot of citrate suits for synthsizing fatty acids

A lot of palmitoyl coa - stop producing fatty acids

46
Q

When there is AMPK in the cell what does it do to acetyl-coa carboxlase?

A

Phosphorylates it (inactivation)

47
Q

AMPK in the cell is a sign for

A

Low levels of energy

48
Q

In which part of the cell we make double bonds?

A

In the Endoplasmic Reticulum

49
Q

Where can we elongate fatty acid

A

1) In the ER

2) In the mitochondria

50
Q

In which type of ER fatty acids gets elongated

A

Smooth ER

51
Q

What is the limit for inserting double bonds in mammals

A

After 10

52
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that performed fatty aced de-saturation

A

Fatty acyl Coa desaturate

53
Q

Who provides electrons to the activity of fatty acyl CoA desaturate?

A
  • electron from the single bond we want to turn into double bond
  • from NADPH
54
Q

What oxygenase enzymes do with oxygen molecules?

A

Insert them to organic molecules

55
Q

What are the main purpose of cyt p450?

A

Oxidizing molecules

Make toxins more soluble so we will be able to secret them via urine

Metabolism and Pathology (28 decks)

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