Black Power

Question 1

Nation of Islam

Answer 1

Advocated separatism, believed in Black supremacy.

Question 2

Malcolm X’s Beliefs

Answer 2

Malcolm X, Believed that King and the SNCC/NAACP were taken in the the ‘American Dream’. America founded on slavery/white supremacy.

Question 3

Black Nationalism

Answer 3

Political Black Nationalism - Self determination, black should govern themselves
Economic Black Nationalism - Black people should control the economy within their community.

Question 4

Self Defence

Answer 4

Contradicts King’s non violence break sterotype of weak/defenceless.

Question 5

Break With Nation of Islam

Answer 5

Elijah Mohammed grew jealous of his fame / Malcolm X embarrassed the Nation of Islam, Malcolm left in 1964.

Question 6

Organisation of Afro-American Unity

Answer 6

Left the Nation of Islam/created this. Link between struggle against white oppression and the anti colonial struggle in Africa. Organise/reeducate black people.

Question 7

Assassination of Malcolm X

Answer 7

1965 - Shot 15 times, reports it was Elijah Mohammed.

Question 8

Significance of Malcolm X

Answer 8

His ability to express the feeling of the black working class, his organisation collapsed but their ideas were key to other groups.

Question 9

The Black Panther Party (BPP)

Answer 9

1966 - Most radical organisations, all black, prepared to use violent to revolutionarily transform America

Question 10

Aims of the BPP

Answer 10

Aims of the BPP, To organise the Black Working classes, working on the self defence of black people and economic improvements.

Question 11

10 point programme

Answer 11

Necessary for the liberation of Black peopleRanging from Economic wealth fare, safety/defence of black people.

Question 12

Ideology of the BPP

Answer 12

Black nationalists 2 types. Combined the black struggle with the colonialism of other countries. Mao ect. Called for black not to fight the Vietnam war.

Question 13

Methods

Answer 13

‘Patrol the pigs’ Keep the police under surveillance, protect against police brutality. Planned programmes of Free breakfast/healthcare/liberation schools.

Question 14

Persecution/Decline of BPP

Answer 14

Persecution/Decline of BPP, Government paranoid that a leader might emerge and threaten the government. COINTELPRO involvement. FBI, send forged death threats to leaders to destroy from within. Disagreements from the leaders.

Question 15

Political/economic achievements of Black Power

Answer 15

Didn’t solve the social/economic problems, offered practical help to blacks living in ghettos and kept the movement in the political agenda.

Question 16

Organising Northern Blacks

Answer 16

SNCC/BPP were attractive to black people self determination/commitment to addressing the economic problems of the ghettos. Organise high profile campaigns to address the issues.

Question 17

Black Panther Initiatives

Answer 17

Black Panther Initiatives, Educational/healthcare initatives helped 10,000’s. Sickle cell anaemia, end of the decade 49 BPP clinics across America. Illinois Peoples Free Healthcare Centres treated 2000 first month. Brought illness to national attention, National Sickle.. Control Act ensuring money/funding to research.

Question 18

Black Identity

Answer 18

Black Identity, Slavery/segregation terrible toll on Black people. Leaders recognised the need for Blacks to be proud of themselves. Malcolm X didn’t want a slave owner surname. Rejection of the term Negros/coloured related to racism/segregation.

Question 19

Media Portrayal of Black people

Answer 19

Star Trek, highly trained black characters

Question 20

Conclusion

Answer 20

Black Power had an enormous effect on black culture/society, emphasis on pride and self-help. High profile campaigns drew attention to Senator Stennis who tried to prevent the community projects. Other minority groups took the ideology and integrated it into theirs