Block 2

Question 1

GABAb channel is

Answer 1

metabotropic K+ channel

Question 2

for summation we want a _____ space constant and _____ time constant

Answer 2

large

short

Question 3

major regulatory step of dopamine synthesis

Answer 3

tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 4

dopa is converted to dopamine by

Answer 4

aromatic amino acid decarboxylase

Question 5

3 major DA pathways

Answer 5

nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocorticolimbic

Question 6

ecstasy is similar to amphetamine but it also causes

Answer 6

increased serotoin release

Question 7

over release of serotonin from ecstasy leads to

Answer 7

oxidative stress by MAO

Question 8

external stimuli are converted into ______ potentials that may be spontaneous or synaptic

Answer 8

generator

Question 9

specialized endings of dorsal root ganglion cells

Answer 9

somatosensory receptors

Question 10

specialized cells that transmit to afferent neurons

Answer 10

auditory, vestibular, and visual receptors

Question 11

frequency of APs are a _______ function of stimulus intensity

Answer 11

non-linear

Question 12

receptors that respond with an onset burst followed by a slow decline in both receptor potential and AP frequency

Answer 12

tonic receptors

Question 13

sensory cortex contains columns that represent a ___________, with each column sensitive to a particular physical property

Answer 13

single modality

Question 14

distinct pathways for modalities will arrange submodalities in parallel for ________

Answer 14

parallel processing`

Question 15

2 types of horizontal cells

Answer 15

those that travel between bipolar cells and those that travel between receptor cells

Question 16

______ cells sense motion

Answer 16

amacrine cells

Question 17

when light strikes photoreceptors, ______ is cleaved to hyperpolarize the cell

Answer 17

cGMP

Question 18

which bipolar cell conserves the sign of the response?

Answer 18

off center bipolar cells

Question 19

pretectum does what?

Answer 19

reflex control of the pupil and lens

Question 20

Superior colliculus organizes

Answer 20

eye movement

Question 21

SCN and pretectum recieve input from

Answer 21

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Question 22

ipRGCs transduce light with

Answer 22

melanopsin

Question 23

where do RGC’s go after they cross optic chiasm

Answer 23

superior colliculus and LGN

Question 24

large RGCs that recieve convergent input from rods in retinal periphery

Answer 24

magnoganglion cells

Question 25

small RGCs that receive info from cones near retina foveal center

Answer 25

parvocellular cells

Question 26

SC only gets visual input from ____ cells

Answer 26

rod

Question 27

Meyer's loop

Answer 27

temporal radiation which passes through the temporal lobe. represents contralateral upper visual field

Question 28

Optic radiation

Answer 28

represents contralateral lower visual field

Question 29

superior visual field goes through inferior retina-->

Answer 29

inferior portion of LGN--> meyers loop --> inferior lip of calcarine sulcus

Question 30

middle temporal pathway is the ______ pathway

Answer 30

where

Question 31

Ventral pathway is the _______ pathway

Answer 31

what

Question 32

a condition in which someone can see but cant recognize objects

Answer 32

visual agnosia

Question 33

a small pupil fixed and does not react to light

Answer 33

argyll robertson pupil

Question 34

decreased or absent light response in pupil

Answer 34

adie tonic pupil

Question 35

direct response to from pupil is absent, but full response when light is shone in the other pupil is fully intact

Answer 35

marcus gunn pupil

Question 36

most caudal region of visual cortex represents the ________ portion of the visual world

Answer 36

central

Question 37

most rostral region of the visual cortex represents the ______ portion of the visual world

Answer 37

peripheral

Question 38

after injury one problem that can arise is improper regrowth of _____ fibers into ________

Answer 38

touch fibers | rexed lamina 1, 2, 5

Question 39

burning sensation from non noxious stimuli is called

Answer 39

allodynia

Question 40

Wind up =

Answer 40

person experiences increasing pain without an increase in the actual stimulus. Due to absence of peripheral sensitization

Question 41

in olfactory receptor neurons, cAMP is the second messenger but also performs what task?

Answer 41

desensitization by retroactively turning off the receptor protein

Question 42

list axon conduction velocities of sensory fibers in order

Answer 42

A alpha 72-120 A beta 36-72 A delta 12-36 C 1 m/s