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1. 2 Organ System Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

What is the cardiovascular system composed of?

A

The heart

Blood vessels

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2
Q

What does the CVS move?

4

A

Nutrients

Chemical messages - regulatory hormones

Defence elements

Waste

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3
Q

When does the CVS develop in babies?

A

It is the first system to develop

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4
Q

When does the heart begin to beat?

A

At the end of the third week of embryo stage

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5
Q

What are defence elements?

A

Antibodies

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6
Q

How is the CVS and the lymphatic system linked?

A

The lymphatic system helps drain capillary beds

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7
Q

What is the CVS and lymphatic system together called?

A

The circulatory system

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8
Q

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

A

It gathers excess fluid

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9
Q

What does the left heart do?

A

It pumps blood to the body cells

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10
Q

What does the right heart do?

A

Pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated

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11
Q

What is blood classified as?

A

A specialised connective tissue (fluid connective tissue)

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12
Q

What is the blood composed of?

A

Formed elements suspended in a fluid matrix

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13
Q

What three formed elements are present in blood?

A

RBCs

WBCs

Platelets

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14
Q

What are platelets?

A

Fragments of cells

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15
Q

What are the three parts of a connective tissue?

A

Cells

Matrix

Fibres

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16
Q

What does the colour of blood depend on?

A

The oxygen content

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17
Q

What colour is oxygenated blood?

A

Bright red

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18
Q

What colour is deoxygenated blood?

A

Dark red

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19
Q

What can oxygenated blood also be called?

A

Arterial blood

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20
Q

What can deoxygenated blood also be called?

A

Venous blood

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21
Q

On average what percentage of the binding sites on rbcs contain oxygen in venous blood?

A

70% (reserve of oxygen)

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22
Q

What is the normal temperature range for blood?

A

36.2 degrees to 36.7 degrees

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23
Q

How much more viscous is blood than water?

A

5 times as viscous as water

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24
Q

Blood is very viscous, what affects does this have on the blood?

A

Blood is sticky, cohesive and more difficult to move

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25
What is the normal pH range for blood?
7.35 to 7.45
26
How much blood do females usually have?
4-5L
27
How much blood do males usually have?
5-6L
28
What determines one's volume of blood?
The size of the body
29
List the five main functions of blood.
Transportation Regulation Restriction Defence Regulation
30
What does blood transport? | 4
Dissolved gases Nutrients Hormones Metabolic wastes
31
What does blood regulate?
pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids
32
What does blood restrict?
Blood restricts fluid loss at injury sites
33
What is the blood defence function?
Blood defends the body against toxins and pathogens - leukocytes in blood - blood carries wbcs to where they are needed
34
What does the blood regulate?
Body temperature
35
How does blood regulate temperature?
By absorbing and redistributing heat
36
What % of blood cells are rbcs?
99%
37
What is a haematocrit?
A measure of the fractions of blood
38
How is a haematocrit gotten?
Blood is centrifugated and split into three fractions
39
What are the three fractions of a haematocrit?
Plasma Buffy coat Erythrocytes
40
What makes up the buffy coat?
Leukocytes and platelets
41
What % of whole blood is the plasma?
55%
42
What % of whole blood is the buffy coat?
Less than 1%
43
What % of whole blood are erythrocytes?
45%
44
What is plasma?
A solution of blood proteins
45
What makes up plasma? | 3
Water (92%) Plasma proteins Solutes
46
What % of plasma is water?
92%
47
How does the contents of plasma compare to interstitial fluid?
Plasma has higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen and dissolved proteins
48
What are the main roles of rbcs?
Transport oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas
49
What is the main role of wbcs?
Defence
50
What is the main role of platelets?
Blood clotting
51
What are the most abundant plasma solute?
Plasma proteins
52
What are the two main roles of plasma proteins?
Give blood its osmotic force Allow blood to carry lipids and charged ions
53
What occurs if someone does not have enough plasma proteins?
Oedema occurs - plasma proteins needed for osmotic pressure
54
Where are plasma proteins produced?
The liver
55
How much plasma proteins are produced by the liver per hour?
4 grams of plasma proteins
56
What are the three main categories of plasma proteins?
Albumins Globulins Fibrinogen
57
What % of plasma proteins are albumins?
60%
58
What are the main functions of plasma proteins?
Transport Capillary exchange
59
What do albumins transport? | 3
Fatty acids Steroid hormones Thyroid hormone
60
What percentage of plasma proteins are globulins?
35%
61
What are the main functions of globulins? | 2
Involved in immunity Involved in transport
62
What type of globulins are involved in immunity?
Immunoglobulins
63
What type of globulins are involved in transport?
Transport globulins
64
Give some examples of transport globulins. | 4
Hormone-binding proteins Metalloproteins Apolipoproteins (lipoproteins; LDL and HDL) Steroid-binding proteins
65
What percentage of plasma proteins is fibrinogen?
4%
66
What is the main function of fibrinogen?
Blood clotting
67
Define haematocrit.
The % of whole blood occupied by cellular elements
68
What is the average H crit in males?
46%
69
What is the average H crit in females?
42%
70
Why is there a difference between the H crit of females and males?
Due to the loss of blood in females
71
What two factors lower H'crit?
Anaemia Blood haemorrhage
72
What two factors raise H'crit?
Blood doping Dehydration
73
How is H'crit often reported? | 2
Volume of packed red cell Packed cell volume (PCV)
74
What is packed cell volume?
The % of whole blood occupied by cellular elements
75
What is hemopoiesis?
Blood cell formation
76
Where does all blood cell formation take place?
It all occurs in the red bone marrow
77
What two stem cells make blood cells?
Myeloid stem cells Lymphoid stem cells (lymphocytes)

1. 2 Organ System Physiology (25 decks)

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