The Nervous System

Question 1

Where is the cerebrum located?

Answer 1

At the back of the brain

Question 2

What is the white matter of the brain called?

Answer 2

The ‘tree of life’

Question 3

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 3

Sensory neurons

Interneurons

Motor neurons

Question 4

What is grey matter organised into?

Answer 4

Clusters of nerve cell bodies called nuclei

Question 5

Where is grey matter found?

2

Answer 5

Around the outside

Inside isolated regions of the cerebrum

Question 6

How is white matter arranged?

Answer 6

It is arranged in tracts that connect areas of the brain

Question 7

Why is the white matter white?

2

Answer 7

Because it is made up of axons

Axons are made of fatty material

Question 8

What is the largest part of the brain?

Answer 8

The cerebrum

Question 9

Describe the structure of the cerebrum.

4

Answer 9

2 hemispheres

Corpus collosum (and 2 smaller connections) connects the 2 hemispheres

Upfoldings called gyri

Grooves called sulci

Question 10

What is the outer grey matter of the cerebrum called?

Answer 10

Cerebral cortex

Question 11

What does the corpus collosum do?

Answer 11

It connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Question 12

What are the upfoldings of the cerebrum called?

Answer 12

Gyri

Question 13

What are the grooves of the cerebrum called?

Answer 13

Sulci

Question 14

What are gyri?

Answer 14

Upfoldings in the cerebrum

Question 15

What are sulci?

Answer 15

Grooves in the cerebrum

Question 16

What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Answer 16

The corpus collosum (and the 2 smaller connections)

Question 17

How many lobes are there in the cerebrum?

Answer 17

Five

Question 18

Name the five lobes of the cerebrum.

Answer 18

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Insula

Question 19

What divides the lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 19

Sulci

Question 20

How many bones make up the cranium?

Answer 20

8

Question 21

How are the 8 cranial bones named?

Answer 21

They get their names from the lobes

Question 22

Where is the insula located?

Answer 22

Inside the brain

Question 23

What is the insula responsible for?

Answer 23

Taste

Question 24

What are the seven main functions of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 24

Sensation/perception

Voluntary movement

Self awareness

Communication

Recognition

Intelligence

Emotion

Question 25

What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 25

The central sulcus

Question 26

What part of the cerebrum is associated with somatic motor functions?

Answer 26

The precentral gyrus of the central sulcus

Question 27

What part of the cerebrum is associated with somatic sensory function?

Answer 27

Post central gyrus

Question 28

What is the precentral gyrus of the central sulcus responsible for?

Answer 28

Somatic motor functions

Question 29

What is the post central gyrus responsible for?

Answer 29

Somatic Sensory function | We become aware of sensory information here

Question 30

What are the three functions of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 30

Motor Sensory Association - integration, sharing or processing of information

Question 31

What is the motor function of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 31

Controls voluntary motor functions

Question 32

What is the sensory function of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 32

Allows conscious recognition of stimuli

Question 33

Name the three most important areas of the cerebrum

Answer 33

Central sulcus Precentral gyrus Post central gyrus

Question 34

Name the four critical motor areas.

Answer 34

Primary somatic motor cortex Premotor cortex Broca's area (speech) Frontal eye field

Question 35

How is the primary motor cortex divided up?

Answer 35

Its divided based on body parts

Question 36

What does the primary motor cortex do?

Answer 36

This is the area where all conscious motor functions are controlled from

Question 37

How does the primary motor cortex control conscious motor functions?

Answer 37

The axons leaving here synapse with the cranial or spinal nerve which signal the skeletal muscle to contract

Question 38

How many areas are there to the primary motor cortex?

Answer 38

Eight

Question 39

How does the primary motor cortex work?

Answer 39

Upper motor neurons are in the cortex of the cerebrum Axon connects down through the body through the white matter and brain stem

Question 40

What is a stroke also called?

Answer 40

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)

Question 41

What are the two types of stroke?

Answer 41

Ischemic Haemorrhagic

Question 42

What % of all strokes are ischemic?

Answer 42

80% ischemic

Question 43

What % of all strokes are haemorrhagic?

Answer 43

20% haemorrhagic

Question 44

What is a ischemic stroke?

Answer 44

An occlusion, a narrowing, a thrombus or embolism

Question 45

What is a haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 45

a bleed, a ruptured blood vessel, hypertension, vascular malformations or trauma

Question 46

Where is the premotor cortex found?

Answer 46

Its found anterior to the primary motor cortex

Question 47

What is the premotor cortex involved in?

Answer 47

Its involved in learned or patterned skills e.g. typing or driving

Question 48

How does the premotor cortex work?

Answer 48

It sends out commands to the skeletal muscle to carry out a sequence of skeletal muscle contractions

Question 49

Where is the Broca's area found?

Answer 49

It's found in only one hemisphere

Question 50

What does the Broca's area do?

Answer 50

It directs muscles of the tongue, lips and throat that are used in speech

Question 51

What is the frontal eye field? | 2

Answer 51

It controls voluntary eye movements It allows the eye to scan

Question 52

List the six sensory areas.

Answer 52

Primary somatosensory cortex Visual cortex Auditory cortex Olfactory cortex Gustatory cortex Vestibular cortex

Question 53

What is the primary sensory cortex?

Answer 53

The area where all sensory information we are conscious of is sent

Question 54

What is the visual cortex?

Answer 54

All sensory visual information we are aware of comes here

Question 55

Where is the visual cortex found? | 2

Answer 55

It's found in the occipital lobe Its connected to the eye by the optic nerve

Question 56

Where is the auditory cortex found?

Answer 56

It's located in the temporal lobe It's connected to the ear and receives the in

Question 57

What does the auditory cortex do?

Answer 57

It receives information collected in the ear about sound

Question 58

What is the oldest sense?

Answer 58

Smell

Question 59

How does smell work?

Answer 59

Chemical stimuli at the nose are picked up by Receptors