Internal Anatomy of The Heart

Question 1

What does the right atrium communicate with?

Answer 1

The right ventricle

Question 2

What does the left atrium communicate with?

Answer 2

The left ventricle

Question 3

What guards the opening between the atria and the ventria?

Answer 3

The atrioventricular valves

Question 4

Where are the atrioventricular valves found?

Answer 4

In the opening between the atria and the ventria

Question 5

What do the AV nodes do?

Answer 5

The permit blood flow in one direction only - atria to ventricles

Question 6

What separates the atria?

Answer 6

An interatrial septum made of muscle

Question 7

What is the role of the interatrial septum?

Answer 7

It separates the atria

Question 8

What is the foramen ovale?

3

Answer 8

A connection between the atria in the foetus

It closes soon after birth to form the fossa ovalis

If it doesn’t close it causes a hole in the heart

Question 9

What is the name of the connection between the atria in the foetus called?

Answer 9

The foramen ovale

Question 10

What is a closed foramen ovale called?

Answer 10

Fossa ovalis

Question 11

From where does the right atrium receive blood?

3

Answer 11

Superior Vena Cava

Inferior Vena Cava

Coronary sinus

Question 12

What directs blood in the atrium downwards?

Answer 12

Ridges in the walls of the atrium

Question 13

What does the superior vena cava do?

Answer 13

It drains the head, neck, upper limbs and chest

Question 14

What does the inferior vena cava do?

Answer 14

It drains blood from the rest of the trunk, the viscera and lower limbs

Question 15

What does the coronary sinus do?

Answer 15

Drains blood from the coronary veins

Question 16

What muscles make up the right atrium?

Answer 16

Pectinate muscles

Question 17

What are pectinate muscles?

2

Answer 17

Muscles containing prominent muscular ridges

Found on arterior wall and inner surfaces of right auricle

Question 18

What wall of the atrium has ridges?

Answer 18

The right wall

Question 19

Other than the right wall of the atrium, where are ridges present?

Answer 19

The auricle

Question 20

Why are auricles named so?

Answer 20

When they aren’t filled with blood they deflate and look like an auricle/ear

Question 21

Where does the right ventricle receive it’s blood from?

Answer 21

From the right atrium

Question 22

What binds the opening into the right ventricle?

Answer 22

The tricuspid valve

Question 23

How are the cusps of the tricuspid valve attached?

Answer 23

Attached to the walls of the right ventricle by fibrous cords (Chordae Tendinae)

Question 24

How are Chordae Tendinae attached to the wall of the right ventricle?

Answer 24

By papillary muscle

Question 25

What are the chordae tendinae also called?

Answer 25

Heart strings

Question 26

Other than chordae tendinae what does the papillary muscle attach?

Answer 26

The moderator band

Question 27

What does the right ventricle empty into?

Answer 27

The pulmonary trunk

Question 28

What guards the opening of the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 28

The pulmonary semilunar valve - a 3 cusped (tricuspid) valve

Question 29

From where does the left atrium receive blood?

Answer 29

Receives blood from the two left and two right pulmonary veins

Question 30

How is blood passed from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

Answer 30

Via the lest AV valve

Question 31

What is the AV valve between the LA and LV also called?

Answer 31

The mitral valve (its a 2 cusped bicuspid valve_

Question 32

Where does blood exist the left ventricle?

Answer 32

At the aortic semilunar valve

Question 33

Where is the aortic semilunar valve attached?

Answer 33

Its attached to the ascending aorta by extensions called the aortic sinuses

Question 34

How is the LV different from the RV? | 2

Answer 34

The LV is larger and the muscle is thicker Has no moderator band

Question 35

Name the two semilunar valves.

Answer 35

Pulmonary tricuspid valve Aortic tricuspid valve

Question 36

What do the semilunar valves do?

Answer 36

They prevent backflow from pulmonary trunk and aorta into ventricles

Question 37

Describe the structure of the semilunar valves. | 2

Answer 37

Have no muscular support Three cusps support like tripod

Question 38

Where are the aortic sinuses?

Answer 38

At the base of the ascending aorta

Question 39

What are the aortic sinuses? | 2

Answer 39

They are sacs that prevent valve cusps from sticking to aorta They are the origin of the right and the left coronary arteries

Question 40

What is the blood supply to the heart muscle called?

Answer 40

Coronary circulation

Question 41

What makes up the coronary circulation?

Answer 41

Coronary arteries Cardiac veins

Question 42

What makes up the coronary arteries?

Answer 42

The right and left coronary arteries and their branches

Question 43

What does the right coronary artery supply with blood? | 3

Answer 43

The right atrium The posterior ventricles Portions of the conducting system

Question 44

What does the left coronary artery supply with blood? | 3

Answer 44

The left atrium The anterior surface of the left ventricle The interventricular septum

Question 45

What is anastomosis?

Answer 45

Interconnections of the branches of the coronary arteries

Question 46

What do coronary veins do? | 3

Answer 46

The drain the heart muscle of blood They untie to form the coronary sinus The empty into the right atrium

Question 47

Name the four coronary veins.

Answer 47

The great cardiac vein The posterior cardiac vein The middle cardiac vein The anterior cardiac vein