The Respiratory System 2

Question 1

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 1

The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 2

What does the movement of air depend on?

2

Answer 2

Boyle’s Law

Lung compliance

Question 3

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 3

Pressure and volume have aninverse relationship

Question 4

What is lung compliance?

Answer 4

A measure of the ease at which our lungs can stretch

Question 5

What are the two phases to each breathe?

Answer 5

Inhalation

Exhalation

Question 6

What is inhalation also called?

Answer 6

Inspiration

Question 7

What is inhalation?

Answer 7

Air is pulled into the lungs

Question 8

What is exhalation?

Answer 8

Air is pushed out of the lungs

Question 9

What is exhalation also called?

Answer 9

Expiration

Question 10

What does breathing do?

2

Answer 10

It delivers oxygen to the alveoli

It removes carbon dioxide

Question 11

What exactly is breathing?

Answer 11

The continuous cycles of inhalation and exhalation

Question 12

What is respiration rate?

Answer 12

The amount of breaths per minute

Question 13

What is average respiration rate?

Answer 13

10 to 15 breaths per minute

Question 14

What controls the movement of inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 14

Movements of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

Question 15

What is a diaphragm?

Answer 15

A sheath of muscle that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity

Question 16

What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

Answer 16

A rectus muscle

Question 17

Why is the diaphragm considered a rectus muscle?

Answer 17

Due to the skeletal muscle fibres running longitudinally

Question 18

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

2

Answer 18

The diaphragm contracts and moves down

This causes the volume of the thoracic cavity to increase

Question 19

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

Answer 19

The diaphragm moves down

Question 20

What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?

3

Answer 20

The diaphragm returns to its curved position

This causes the volume of the thoracic cavity to decrease

The pressure in the thoracic cavity then increases

Question 21

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 21

When there is a hole in the thoracic cavity which upsets the pressure relationship which could cause the collapse of a lung

Question 22

What causes a pneumothorax?

Answer 22

When air leaks from inside of the lung to the space between the lung and the chest wall

Question 23

How do accessory muscles work?

Answer 23

By raising the rib cage

Question 24

What are the four accessory muscles used in inhalation?

Answer 24

Sternocleidomastoid

Serratus anterior

Pactoralis minor

Scalene muscles

Question 25

What is the serratus anterior? | 3

Answer 25

It attaches to the scapula It originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs Elevates the ribs

Question 26

What does the serratus anterior do?

Answer 26

Elevates the ribs

Question 27

Where does the serratus anterior attach?

Answer 27

The scapula

Question 28

What is the pectoralis minor? | 3

Answer 28

It attaches to the scapula It originates from the outer surfaces of third, fourth and fifth rib It elevates the ribs

Question 29

Where does the pectoralis minor attach?

Answer 29

To the scapula

Question 30

What does the pectoralis minor do?

Answer 30

It elevates the ribs

Question 31

What are the two types of exhalation?

Answer 31

Passive Active

Question 32

What does the type of exhalation depend on?

Answer 32

It depends on the level of respiratory activity

Question 33

When might exhalation be active?

Answer 33

During exercise or disease

Question 34

What muscles might be involved in active exhalation? | 3

Answer 34

Internal intercostals Transversus thoracis Abdominal muscles

Question 35

How do the abdominal muscles aid exhalation?

Answer 35

They compress the abdomen and force the diaphragm upwards

Question 36

What is the rectus abdominus?

Answer 36

A long flat muscle that extends the length of the abdomen

Question 37

What does the rectus abdominus do?

Answer 37

It compresses the ribs and the abdomen

Question 38

What is a respiratory cycle?

Answer 38

A single cycle of inhalation and exhalation

Question 39

How are respiratory movements classified?

Answer 39

Quiet breathing Forced breathing

Question 40

What is tidal volume?

Answer 40

The volume of air moved in one cycle

Question 41

What is quiet breathing also called?

Answer 41

Eupnoea

Question 42

What is eupnoea?

Answer 42

Breathing using the diaphragm and external and intercostals muscles

Question 43

What is hypernoea?

Answer 43

Forced breathing

Question 44

What is forced breathing?

Answer 44

Breathing using the accessory muscles

Question 45

What is forced breathing also called?

Answer 45

Hypernoea

Question 46

What is difficulty breathing also called?

Answer 46

Dyspnoea

Question 47

What is deep breathing also called?

Answer 47

Diaphragmatic breathing

Question 48

What is shallow breathing also called?

Answer 48

Costal breathing