The Respiratory System 2 Flashcards

(48 cards)

1
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs

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2
Q

What does the movement of air depend on?

2

A

Boyle’s Law

Lung compliance

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3
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Pressure and volume have aninverse relationship

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4
Q

What is lung compliance?

A

A measure of the ease at which our lungs can stretch

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5
Q

What are the two phases to each breathe?

A

Inhalation

Exhalation

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6
Q

What is inhalation also called?

A

Inspiration

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7
Q

What is inhalation?

A

Air is pulled into the lungs

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8
Q

What is exhalation?

A

Air is pushed out of the lungs

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9
Q

What is exhalation also called?

A

Expiration

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10
Q

What does breathing do?

2

A

It delivers oxygen to the alveoli

It removes carbon dioxide

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11
Q

What exactly is breathing?

A

The continuous cycles of inhalation and exhalation

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12
Q

What is respiration rate?

A

The amount of breaths per minute

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13
Q

What is average respiration rate?

A

10 to 15 breaths per minute

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14
Q

What controls the movement of inhalation and exhalation?

A

Movements of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

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15
Q

What is a diaphragm?

A

A sheath of muscle that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity

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16
Q

What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

A

A rectus muscle

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17
Q

Why is the diaphragm considered a rectus muscle?

A

Due to the skeletal muscle fibres running longitudinally

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18
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

2

A

The diaphragm contracts and moves down

This causes the volume of the thoracic cavity to increase

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19
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

A

The diaphragm moves down

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20
Q

What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?

3

A

The diaphragm returns to its curved position

This causes the volume of the thoracic cavity to decrease

The pressure in the thoracic cavity then increases

21
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

When there is a hole in the thoracic cavity which upsets the pressure relationship which could cause the collapse of a lung

22
Q

What causes a pneumothorax?

A

When air leaks from inside of the lung to the space between the lung and the chest wall

23
Q

How do accessory muscles work?

A

By raising the rib cage

24
Q

What are the four accessory muscles used in inhalation?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Serratus anterior

Pactoralis minor

Scalene muscles

25
What is the serratus anterior? | 3
It attaches to the scapula It originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs Elevates the ribs
26
What does the serratus anterior do?
Elevates the ribs
27
Where does the serratus anterior attach?
The scapula
28
What is the pectoralis minor? | 3
It attaches to the scapula It originates from the outer surfaces of third, fourth and fifth rib It elevates the ribs
29
Where does the pectoralis minor attach?
To the scapula
30
What does the pectoralis minor do?
It elevates the ribs
31
What are the two types of exhalation?
Passive Active
32
What does the type of exhalation depend on?
It depends on the level of respiratory activity
33
When might exhalation be active?
During exercise or disease
34
What muscles might be involved in active exhalation? | 3
Internal intercostals Transversus thoracis Abdominal muscles
35
How do the abdominal muscles aid exhalation?
They compress the abdomen and force the diaphragm upwards
36
What is the rectus abdominus?
A long flat muscle that extends the length of the abdomen
37
What does the rectus abdominus do?
It compresses the ribs and the abdomen
38
What is a respiratory cycle?
A single cycle of inhalation and exhalation
39
How are respiratory movements classified?
Quiet breathing Forced breathing
40
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air moved in one cycle
41
What is quiet breathing also called?
Eupnoea
42
What is eupnoea?
Breathing using the diaphragm and external and intercostals muscles
43
What is hypernoea?
Forced breathing
44
What is forced breathing?
Breathing using the accessory muscles
45
What is forced breathing also called?
Hypernoea
46
What is difficulty breathing also called?
Dyspnoea
47
What is deep breathing also called?
Diaphragmatic breathing
48
What is shallow breathing also called?
Costal breathing